Aim. Establishing the degree and nature of the impact of climate change on the abiotic and biotic components of the ecosystems of the inland seas of Europe and their coasts to improve measures for rational environmental management.

Procedure and methods. Correlation, cluster, spectral and regression methods were used to analyze long-term climatic, oceanological and commercial hydrobiological data.

Results. It has been substantiated that an increase in the intensity of atmospheric circulation over the North Atlantic leads to warming over the waters of the Baltic and White Seas and an increase in the volume of river runoff in the basins of these seas. At the same time, cooling and a decrease in river flow volumes in their basins can be expected over the waters of the Black and Azov Seas. In accordance with this, there is a change in the values of environmental factors that influence the biological productivity of marine organisms, in particular, commercial fish and their habitats: salinity and water temperature, the intensity of water exchange with adjacent sea areas and the concentration of dissolved oxygen at different depths. The role of anthropogenic influence on the productivity of demersal and pelagic commercial fish populations was assessed based on an analysis of fishing mortality values.

Research implications. of the study lies in the establishment and substantiation of complex cause-and-effect relationships between the dynamics of climatic, oceanological, hydrological and biotic components of marine ecosystems.

Aim. The transformation of water runoff (for the period from 1959–1980 to 2016) is considered on the example of two analogous catchments of the Nitsa and Pyshma rivers (the right tributaries of the Tura river) in terms of area characteristics and natural landscape conditions. Ob). These catchment areas differ only in the degree of anthropogenic transformation, which allows them to be considered as interesting objects for comparative analysis.

Procedure and methods. The average values of monthly water consumption, maximum and minimum water consumption were selected as primary hydrological data. In conjunction with the dynamics of hydrological parameters, climate change trends are also considered, and their contribution to the formation of the runoff of the Nitsa and Pyshma rivers is shown. It was found that climate dynamics at this stage does not significantly contribute to changes in the structure of the liquid flow of the rivers under consideration. The trends of landscape abioticization in the two studied catchments are estimated based on the analysis of land use dynamics, calculation of the rate of change in the area of anthropogenic objects and the degree of fragmentation of the basin land area by artificial boundaries. It is revealed that the most transformed catchment is the river catchment area.

Results. Nitsa (78% of anthropogenic-modified and technogenic-transformed landscapes and 14% of non-fragmented territory, compared to 58% and 20% within the Pyshma river catchment area, respectively). The influence of anthropogenic transformation of landscapes (in the form of increased abioticization of the catchment area and its fragmentation) on the change in the structure of the liquid flow of two rivers is estimated. Increasing the degree of abiotical and fragmentation of the catchment contributes to greater response of Nitsa river on the climate change that is observed in the form of increasing the role of spring floods and increased flood risk.

Research implications. It seems that this approach is of interest for predicting fluctuations in river flow in conditions of increasing climate instability. In conclusion, a set of indicators for assessing the ecological state of watersheds is proposed. In conclusion, it is proposed to assess the ecological state of catchments by the sum of parameters: phytomass reserves in dynamics, the degree of fragmentation of the territory by area and linear objects of anthropogenic (including technogenic) origin and its change trends. and its change trends, dynamics of surface and underground runoff components, change in the share of spring floods and summer-autumn floods in the river runoff structure, dynamics of river runoff during hydrological phases, presence and recurrence of catastrophic hydrological events (abnormally high floods, floods, river shallowing, etc.).

Aim. Identification of the distribution of chemical elements in the system «soil–plants» floodplain landscapes of the large industrial city of Krasnoyarsk.

Procedure and methods. In soil and plant samples by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectral analysis, the total content of chemical elements was determined. For the results obtained the accumulation coefficient showing the nature of the internal redistribution of chemical elements in the system «soil–plant» was calculated, a series of biological accumulation for 12 sites located within the low floodplain of the Yenisei River in Krasnoyarsk was compiled.

Results. A ecological-geochemical analysis of the floodplain landscapes of the city of Krasnoyarsk was carried out. The basic regularities of the distribution of chemical elements in vegetation and soil cover are determined, the contribution of exogenous elements is estimated. Hyperaccumulation of Hg, Mn, Mo, S, Se, Zn by representatives of the genus Salix was revealed. It is noted that S makes the most significant contribution to the pollution of soils and vegetation of floodplain landscapes.

Research implications. Significance of the study lies in identifying the quantitative ratio of chemical elements determining the level of technogenic load and stability of ecosystems functioning. The findings reflect the importance of preservation and role of floodplain landscapes in urban environment. The information obtained is also valuable for making possible management decisions when planning economic activities within the floodplain landscapes of an urbanized territory.

Aim. Assessment of wildfire hazard in the forest lands of the Tyva Republic from 2000 to 2022 based on the analysis of statistical data collected by regional executive authorities.

Procedure and methods. The work analyzed the annual data on wildfires obtained on the basis of official reports of the Ministry of Forestry and Nature Management of the Republic of Tyva, as well as the average monthly air temperatures and assessed the provision of the territory with atmospheric moisture. Fire data were obtained on the basis of forest registration cards opened during the registration of fires indicating the areas of detection and elimination of fires. This information was processed using mathematical statistics methods. Based on the geo-information analysis using the NextGISQGIS program, a spatio-temporal analysis of the distribution of the fire hazardous season (spring, summer, autumn) was carried out. The module "creation of heat maps" was used to build fire density maps.

Results. There is an increase in the duration of the warm season and the duration of dry weather in spring. In the period from 1992 to 2020. The temperature anomaly of the warm season (IV–X months) was 1.64 ± 0.16 °C. Since the 2000s the number and area of territories suffering from fires has grown, due to an increase in forest attendance by the local population and the preservation of agricultural fires in the face of progressive climate warming. Data on the actual burning of vegetation show that the cause of vegetation fires in most cases is the human factor (when collecting the gifts of nature, the rules for handling fire were not observed), and they flare up in connection with the established abnormal weather conditions.

Research implications. The study reveals that obtained results important for long-term strategy adaptation develops of ecosystems region to climate change. The significance of the work lies in the fact that the data obtained are important in the long-term development of the Fire Control Strategy and their prediction to climate change.

Aim. To analyze historical background and main events, which determines the way of functioning and evolution of the energy system of Great Britain.

Methodology. The paper covers the problems of energy transition of Great Britain from conventional to renewable energy sources, the main methodology can be defined as standard statistical approach and method of historical research. Mainly, the aim is to undertake step by step analysis of official historical and statistical data. Such official data can be downloaded from government resources, for example, historical data sets for certain period (gov.uk), from resources, providing statistics for pollutants (EPER – The European Pollutant Emission Register), or resources, providing statistics for levels of atmospheric pollution and human wellness (Department for Environment, Food & Rural Affairs).

Procedure and Methods. The time period of the historical development of thermal power industry in the UK – from the mid-19th century to the present was analyzed in details. The main events through industrial evolution, such as new technologies and types of fuel, which determines the way of functioning and evolution of the energy system of Great Britain, were highlighted. As shown in the article, the discovery of the hydrocarbon basins of the North Sea in 60s did not affect the change in fuel consumption in the field of thermal energy. Only the privatization of this sphere forced the owners to switch to cheaper natural gas and easier-to-operate gas power plants, and forces the rise of renewable energy. The main and most important events in the field of environmental legislation of the country, which went parallel with industrial development, and was targeted against climate change, are highlighted. It is shown that the UK can rightfully be a pioneer in the widespread use of the most environmentally friendly sources of electricity. It is shown that the current structure of fuel consumption, as well as the structure of electricity generation by fuel types, differs significantly even from the state of twenty years ago. The article also gives a number of reasons for the crisis situation of 2021. The events of this year have shown that it is not yet possible to completely abandon traditional power plants, even in such a developed and prepared country as the United Kingdom.

Research implications. Not only the development of the energy sector is considered, but also the interrelation of its evolution with the directed work of law-making structures and organizations is traced, the principles of making important decisions for the sector are defined. Also, analysis of these important solutions and energy and fuel consumptions statistics shows, are these solutions reasonable, and if they can be useful and suitable in connection to similar evolution of energy system in Russia.

Aim. To assess the implementation of the reform of solid municipal waste management in the Russian Federation (RF) as a whole and at the level of a separate constituent entity of the Russian Federation – the Oryol region.

Procedure and methods. The research methods were the economic and geographical analysis of the logistical aspects of the MSW management system and the study of the effectiveness of the legal norms governing this system.

Results. Problems that reduce the effectiveness of reforming the MSW management system at the federal level have been studied.

Research implications. Disclosure of the main problems that reduce the effectiveness of reforming the MSW management system, and the development of proposals that can optimize this system at the level of a particular region. In particular, attention is drawn to the need for legally unambiguous definitions of waste classified as MSW in the Federal Classification Catalog of Waste (FKKO). The need to adopt legislative norms that stimulate the deepening of MSW sorting and the development of recycling industries is pointed out. Specific proposals for logistical optimization of the territorial waste management scheme at the level of a separate region (Oryol region) are presented.

Aim. Is to present a comprehensive characterisation of the Evangelical Lutheran Church of Finland (ELCF), which is the dominant confessional space of the country. One of the semantic emphases is the territorial differentiation of indicators reflecting structural changes in the religious organisation under consideration at the present stage.

Procedure and methods. The empirical data were collected on the official website of the ELCF, which, being a state structure, obligatorily records and publishes them in the public domain. The obtained quantitative data were processed with the help of calculation tools, traditional for regional-confessional studies. The main methods used were cartographic, descriptive, and mathematical and statistical. In order to identify the degree of regional differentiation of the changes that the dominant of the confessional space of Finland has undergone in recent decades, the calculation of the Ryabtsev index was used (it allows us to estimate the deviation of the ratios of the fixed actual set of components of the two structures from the maximum possible amount of discrepancy). On the basis of the quantitative data obtained, conclusions have been drawn about the nature of significant changes within the dominant character of the contemporary confessional space in Finland. The statistical material, which has not been previously involved in research on confessional topics, is generalised.

Results. The indicators of the negative dynamics of the number of parishioners of the Evangelical Lutheran Church of Finland in recent decades are reflected. A decrease in the degree of activity of their religiously conditioned behavior is confirmed. The territorial differentiation in the degree of manifestation of the activity of the majority religious organization is revealed.

Research implications. For the first time, the approbation of the institutional-territorial approach to confessional research in relation to the dominant religious space of Finland was presented. The results obtained can be used in practice in the development of a strategy for religiousstate relations at the national and regional levels. Especially taking into account the recorded decrease in confidence in the majority religious organization of Russia - the Russian Orthodox Church.

Aim. The study of sacred sites as geographical formations, the development of their classification, to study the emergence of the sites in question and their transformation, the study of heritage and tourism objects.

Procedure and methods. The research materials were field expeditions of the author and data analysis of other specialists and travelers. The main method of research is the systematization of data, which resulted in the classification of sacred sites, their partial mapping. The comparative method made it possible to identify the connection between objects of ancient orientation and sacred sites, as well as their transformation.

Results. The definition of sacred places (also revered places, shrines) is proposed, the role of the spiritual component in their allocation is emphasized. The classification of revered places has been carried out, religious (holy) places and sacred places of culture have been identified. All revered places are also divided into natural and natural-man-made (in which the dominant man-made part is inseparable from the natural, from the place where it originated). Local, regional, national, and finally world-wide are distinguished by their significance and fame among the sacred places. Young and ancient shrines also differ. The appearance of sacred places took place in notable (non-ordinary) places. It was they who became landmarks, without which safe life was impossible. It is shown that the transformation of ancient sacred places took place over time. New sacred places most often arose in place of the old ones, and the latter were sometimes completely destroyed and sometimes not inherited.

Research implications. A systematic assessment of sacred sites has been carried out. It is shown that the majority of sacred sites become sacred after they are used to orientate in space and time as a prerequisite for safe living.

Aim. To describe the general scheme of molecular interactions underlying the biotransformation of xenobiotics in mollusks on the base of scientific literature data.

Procedure and methods. Published data in thematic literature devoted to the study of biochemical and molecular-biological processes associated with the reaction of mollusks to xenobiotics were analyzed and summarized. Scientific publications were searched on specialized information resources: Russian Scientific Electronic Library, Russian State Library, Google Academy, National Library of Medicine, GenBank International Molecular Genetic Database.

Results. There was analyzed the structure of the digestive gland (liver, or hepatopancreas) and gills – the main organs involved in the biotransformation of xenobiotics in various taxonomic groups of bivalves and gastropods (containing about 98% of species of this phylum). Data on the anatomical, tissue and cellular structure of the digestive gland are presented. The NADPH-dependent and NADPH-independent oxidation of xenobiotics by the cytochrome P450 system and the main types of chemical reactions carried out by it (hydroxylation, oxidative deamination, nitrogen oxidation, sulfoxidation, dealkylation, epoxidation) with specific examples, the conjugation process of polarized xenobiotics with the reduced form of glutathione catalyzing by glutathione-S-transferase are described. The role of cellular organelles (lysosomes, peroxisomes, endosomes, rough endoplasmic reticulum) in the biotransformation of xenobiotics by mollusks is established.

Research implications. Systematized data on the process of biotransformation of xenobiotics in the body of mollusks, which makes it possible to outline goals for further study of their biochemical and molecular biological features, plan comprehensive studies using these animals to bioindicate the level of pollution of the aquatic environment, as well as outline the points of contact of educational programs of various disciplines.