The paper offers a first comprehensive study
of applicability of xylotrophic fungi for rational utilization of
vegetable wastes by biological methods. The methods of
production of bioproducts enriched with proteins and other
physiologically active substances and of technical enzyme
preparations are developed. The possibility of using vegetable
wastes is determined based on the principle of low-waste
or waste-free technology at a particular stage. Thereby, it is
possible to expand the biotechnology row-material base and
to prevent environmental pollution.

The intensity of cholesterol absorption in the
portal system of lambs was investigated in connection with
different levels of sunflower oil in the diets. Complex catheterization
of the portal vein and carotid artery made it possible
to study the transport of lipid metabolites from the intestinal
wall into the portal system. Besides, the volumetric rate of the
blood flow in the portal vein was also measured. The lambs
diet was designed in accordance with recommended feeding
standards for sheep, taking into account liveweight and daily
gain. The difference in feeding of lambs of different groups
during all stages of the experiment consisted in the fact that
the lambs in groups I, II and III had a diet containing 3%, 5%
and 7% fat (dry-matter basis), respectively. An increase in the
level of fat in the lambs diet up to 7% by adding sunflower oil
significantly affects the transport of cholesterol into the portal
system.

We consider a set of proteolytic enzymes of
the mollusks Viviparus Viviparus L. We study the influence
of chlorobenzene, bromobenzene and iodobenzene with a
concentration of 1 MPC and 10 MPC for 24, 48 and 72 h on
the proteolytic activity in the liver of the mollusks. The data
received indicate the high toxicity of the compounds studied.
Chlorobenzene is found to have the highest toxicity of all
tested substances.

Hydrocarbon oxidizing microorganisms have
been isolated from the urban soils. The strains of the microorganisms
are studied from the point of view of their consumption
of individual hydrocarbons of various structures, crude oil
and such petroleum products as gasoline, kerosene, diesel
fuel and oil. The bacterial genera Pseudomonas and Bacillus
occupy a dominant position among the isolated strains. Hydrocarbon
oxidizing bacteria isolated from oil-contaminated
soils of Baku can consume paraffin and aromatic hydrocarbons
of different chemical structures and petroleum products.
This suggests that microbiocenosis of urban soils actively
participates in the processes of self-purification of soil from oil
and petroleum products.

The immunomodulatory drugs Imunofan and
Polioksidant used for therapeutic and preventive treatment
have a positive effect on humoral and cellular factors of natural
resistance of the body, as well as markedly increase the
concentration of gamma globulins. The phagocytic activity
of neutrophils and the level of immunoglobulin G and M increase,
lysozyme and bactericidal activity of serum enhances,
the content of T and B lymphocytes becomes normalized.
The period of a disease is reduced by 3 days.

Sets of PRC fragments of intermicrosatellite
DNA are isolated from the river snail Viviparus viviparus L.
It is shown that the distribution of microsatellite DNA in genomes
is characterized by intraspecific polymorphism and
differs between the representatives of some isolated snail
populations. The populations living in various water areas are
investigated. It is found that the sets of polymorphous intermicrosatellite
PCR fragments of the river snail correlates with
the habitat conditions and the intensity of the anthropogenic
stress of the water ecosystem.

Surface manifestations of linear and nonlinear
interaction of the edge waves of different mode composition
are simulated numerically on a sea shelf. Changes in the
concentration of films of surfactants, induced by the action of
such waves, are described by using the numerical solutions
of the balance equations within the framework of the advection-
diffusion-relaxation model. Different dynamic regimes of
pollution and contamination of the sea surface are presented,
which can be used to interpret radar images.

Susceptibility of limnosystems to the influence
of pollutants is mainly determined by the physicochemical
processes occurring between waters of lakes and sediments
composing the lake kettles and catchment basins. By analyzing
the geological structure of the lake area in Shatursky
district, the factors contributing to the stability of hydrochemical
parameters of the lakes are identified and assessed.
The main factors include the increased capacity of bottom
sediments (sapropels) to absorb heavy metals and petroleum
products, as well as the close chemical interaction of lake waters
and underground waters of the surrounding peat bogs.
Due to technogenic humification of the peats near the lakes
in Shatursky district and to thermal eutrophication of their
waters, a decrease in geochemical security of the catchment
basins and a change in hydrochemical conditions of the lakes
are predicted.

We report the results of soil geochemical and
biogeochemical research within the landscape structure and
functional zones of Stavropol, as well as analyze the distribution
of heavy metals in soils of the city, contamination of
urban soils and its dynamics. The levels of accumulation of
trace elements in some species of woody and herbaceous
plants with respect to the natural background are estimated.
The dependence is obtained for the concentrations of chemical
elements in earthworms and in soils, as well as for their
relation with certain soil characteristics.

The paper offers an analysis of the published
data on the volumes of anthropogenic emissions of platinum-
group elements (PGEs) in the environment, on species
of PGEs in the emissions and on their availability to living
organisms. Short- and long-term effects of PGEs on living organisms
are considered. The mechanisms of the toxic effect
of PGEs on living organisms and their ability to interact with
DNA, amino acids, proteins and other biological compounds
are discussed. It is shown that the ability of the PGEs to accumulate
in the environment, in combination with a high toxicity
of some compounds of these elements, determines their
environmental hazards.

The paper summarizes information, which allows
one to determine the main promising directions in the
development of fluorescent reagents used in immunofluorescence
time-delay methods, and describes the requirements
to a fluorescent label. Particular attention is paid to fluorinated
-dicarbonyl aromatic and heteroaromatic compounds, as
one of the most efficient types of reagents for immunofluorescence
analysis.