Analysis of fish netting catches showed that
roach and carp in the Davachi estuary are among the numerous
species of fish. Roach made 23,14% and carp −
12,91% of the catch in fine meshed nets (mesh size 28-45
mm). Carp made for more than one third of the catches
(35,35%) in nets with a mesh size of 60-70 mm. Net catches
of both the roach and carp were presented by three
age groups (2 + −4 +). Fishes aged 3 + were dominated.
Such fishes made for 56.6% of roach caught and 53,5%
of common carp caught. Females of both studied species
grow faster than males, the greatest increase of height and
weight is in the first 2-3 years of life. In the future growth
rate is reduced apparently due to the maturation of sexual
products.

The influence of ecological factors on venom
of vipera, caught from territories of various degree of impurity
of Absheron peninsula of Azerbaijan has been revealed
by the method of atom-absorbtion spectrophotometry on
AAS-300 (Perkin Elmer USA). It is established that with increase
in distance from sources of technogenic emissions,
concentration of heavy metals in investigated samples of
venom have considerably decreased and was in limits: Pb
− 50,1±0,285-133,9±0,033; Cd − 1,6yo0.177 - 1,9±0,210;
Zn − 663,7±0,027 − 860,9±0,129; Cr − 87,0±0,049 mg/kg
accordingly. By a gamma- spectrometry method on installation
Canberra natural radionuclids in low activity have
been defined. The revealed activity of an element of uranium
in a spectrum of venom grew out of a radiating background
which is formed under environment influence.

The effects of unitary influence of modulated
in low intensity alpha rhythm microwave irradiation area on
the maintenance of biogenic monoamines and products of
lipid peroxidaton in various structures of rats brain are considered.
The data obtained testify complicated reorganizations
of neurodynamic processes under the influence of
EMF in cortex and the subcortex brain structures responsible
for the formation of emotions. Thus the final result
of microwave irradiation of not low intensity of influence
depends on initial level of excitation of brain structures and
the products of lipid peroxidaton and reflects the activity of
brain monoaminergic systems.

In this article we analyze the quality of vegetable
origin food (grain products, fruits, vegetables) and
animal origin food (meat products, raw milk) produced in
the country and imported according to biological criteria.
It is shown that the microbiota of meat and meat products
is characterized by rich and diverse species composition
in comparison with plant foods. The dominant nucleus of
mycobiota of plant products is mainly formed by filamentous
fungi. Among the discovered bacteria and fungi many
species are found which are toxigenic and present a threat
of carrying various infection agents.

The effect of juvenile hormone analogue
(JHA) concentrations on the proteolytic complex enzyme
activity in hemolymph, anposterior and posterior silk gland
was studied. The study revealed that the effect of JHA (или
JHA effect) was tissue specific and had a bimodal dependence
on most of the enzymes. The greatest changes in the
tissue undergo active aspartate and cysteine proteases
with a pH of 3.0, 3.6 and 6.2. It is supposed that the bimodal
character of the dependence is determined by a plurality
of most components of the signal-transductor systems
of insects.

The article reflects the results of studies of
aboriginal flora communities and the phytocenotic state of
the composite wildlife reserve Russian Forest. Characteristics
of the typical associations and their environmental
features, as well as the history of forest management are
given.

This article analyzes the response to oxidative
stress, muscle tissue mollusks Unio pictorum. It is
found that the result of man-made pollution is the increase
of the oxidative stress and, as a result the formation of
active compounds (TBA-active products). It is shown that
one of the enzymes for detoxication of free radicals is
katalaza which is destructive for hydrogen peroxide. The
dependence of enzyme activity in the muscle tissue of mollusks
from the concentration of oil in water is sinusoidly,
and minimum and maximum values (before and after making
a sorbent in habitats) are samples of oil concentration
1 mg/l. Adding sorbent in aquariums reduces katalaza activity
(p < 0.01) that is interpreted as reducing oxidative
stress in clams.

In the article the data concerning the endemical
and relicts kinds of family Boraginaceae Juss are presented.
Florae of the Russian Caucasus includs 94 kinds
among which 5 are endemical and 6 are subendemical
kinds. It is stated that the overwhelming majority of endemical
and subendemical family kinds in the genetic basis
have the Caucasian roots, and presence of endemical
genus Trigonocarium and the representative of monotipes
of Nonea alpestris testifies the intensive processes of speciation
connected with orographical features.
Relic kinds are made by two groups: glacial and xerotermical,
subdivided into complexes of a different geographical
origin which basically are localized in two macrorefuges
- about the Black and Caspian Sea.

It has been stated that for strains
DE53,SA37,BA98 and BA99 yeasts Candida kefir the best
source of carbon and energy from sugar is glucose and
from alcohol is sorbet. These yeasts assimilate NH4NO3
and (NH4)2SO4 as a source of inorganic nitrogen. From
sources of organic nitrogen the most rational one for
yeasts is peptone. The optimal temperature for the development
of yeasts is 25°C and the optimum acidity is pH
6, 0 - 7, 0.

Article is devoted to the studying of 9 kinds
(Yucca aloifolia L., Y. aloifolia var. tricolor hort., Y. aloifolia
var .marginatahort., Y. filamentosa L., Y. brevifolif Engelm.,
Y. recurvifolia Salisb., Y. flaccida Haw., Y. glauca Nutt., Y.
gloriosa L.) of riversYucca growing in Northern and Central
America, in the initial stage of ontogenesis (a juvenile
stage or youth). The initial period, growth and development
of vegetative bodies from germination of seed to a prereproductive
condition are investigated.

In the article periodization is proposed and
the steps of historical development of bioenergetics as the
science studying molecular basis of energy metabolism in
living systems are characterized. Bioenergetics, emerged
in the 1860s as an applied branch investigating the heat
content in foodstuffs, in the 1930s became an autonomous
research field in biochemistry of glycolysis and respiration.
In the 1930s - 50s the fundamental respiratory
chain concept was developed, and the problem of oxidative
phosphorylation was posed. Chemiosmotic theory of
the coupling of respiration and phosphorylation, invented
in the 1960s by P. Mitchell, solved the central problem of
respiratory chain mechanism and shaped the bioenergetics
as the discipline.

This article is devoted to the results of studying
the species composition of alien weed plants in agrocenosyses
on the territory of Ryazan region. 98 species
(38 %) were revealed, mainly annual plants (81 %). 29
species of different activity are widely spread. There are
basically ancient segetal weeds. Among 208 inactive weed
species of agrocenosyses 33 % alien plants, majority segetal
and ruderal, and also escaping from the culture. 17
alien species are invasive.

Analysis of hormone leptin (LEP) concentrations
in blood serum and tumor tissue of 58 patients of
reproductive age with different clinical characteristics of
breast cancer (BC) has been made. It was found by ELISA,
that LEP level in patients with rapid malignant tumor
growth is higher than in ones with mammary fibroadenoma
or in donor sera. The correlation between LEP andLEPR
gene expression was revealed by RT PCR and immunohistochemical
tissue staining in malignant mammary tumors
and triple negative BC. The data obtained have shown the
possible association between high LEP sera level and tumor
progression.

The article deals with the phytotsenologic
features of the vegetative cover, the polluted soils of the
given territory of lowland. As the result of the research 4
types of vegetation (deserted, semidesertic, chalno-meadow
and water-marsh) are revealed for the first time. They
are united in 5 classes of formation, 11 groups of formation
and 11 associations. The basic associations of specific
structure, ecological groups, and structure of communities
are presented, and also vital forms or a biomorph, abundance,
each type circle and phenological phases of plants
of investigated object for the purpose of biological recultivation
are defined.

The use of the cluster theory to the development
of externally economic complex of the region is
supplied. The necessity of forming the externally economic
regional cluster is based on the complicated economic geography
approach. The determination of externally economic
regional cluster is given. Contemporary peculiarities
of externally economic connections with Bashkortostan
are revealed. The structure of externally economic cluster
is considered. The advantages of functioning of potential
externally economic cluster are analyzed.

The problem of ensuring Moldova landscapes
with essential trace element selenium is discussed. It is
shown that the natural water in this country contains high
trace element, soil generally contains the optimum amount
of selenium, agricultural plants accumulate a moderate
amount of selenium, and the residents of Moldova have
the highest selenium status. The new data of selenium
content in staple foods of the population are presented.
It is stated that the diet of Moldavians includes products
with high content of trace elements. This is the reason of
the high content of selenium in the body of local residents.
Our analysis suggests that the ensuring of Moldova landscapes
with the bioavailable microelement selenium is
quite optimal.

Contemporary society demands competent
software specialists in various areas including ecology.
Computer software gives the opportunity to model ecological
processes in the classroom. The use of ecologically oriented
software is aimed at forming software and ecological
competence of the ecologist.