The presence of radionuclids of low activity
has been stated in the samples of snake venom, namely
uranium and caesium. For the fi rst time heterocontact
monocelenid, indium p-type of conductivity and crystals
of snake venom has been created. The infl uence of
technological factors on electric characteristics of
heterocontact has been investigated. It is shown that in
this contact the crystals of snake venom behave similarly
to the semiconductor of r-type of conductivity. It has been
revealed that the investigated heterocontact possesses
appreciable photosensitivity in the area next to an infra-red
spectral range. The question of snake venom application as
photodetector in instrument making has been considered.

The aim was to study the infl uence of oilcontaminated
soils in one of the groups of rhizosphere
microfl ora and rizoplany throughout the growing season,
namely a group of actinomyces. We modeled the 1%
(weak) and 5% (average) of soil contamination with oil
products. The microbiological account in a zone rizoplany
and rhizosphere made separately. Pattern, between
degree of oil-contaminated of soil and quantity of the found
out microorganisms of group actinomyces is taped.

The aim of this work was to study pH
and temperature effect on proteolytic activity of strain Enterococcus faecalis AN1. The strain was isolated from
traditional homemade dairy cheese of Azerbaijan and
was identifi ed as producer of proteolytic enzymes. Protein
hydrolysis and peptides profi les arising from enzymatic
activities of the studied strain were analyzed by SDSPAGE.
PH and temperature effect on proteolytic activity
of the strain was studied in non proliferative cells system.
Maximal protein degradation was observed in the pH
range 6.0 - 7.2. Further increase or decrease of pH led to
decrease in the proteolysis level. It can be concluded that
the optimal pH values for proteinases activity of the strain
in assayed system are in the neutral pH range. Optimal
temperature for hydrolysis of caseins was found to be
30-37ºС for strains A121, A124, A1221, A1232 and 37 °C
in case of strains A71 and AN1. However, hydrolysis of
substrate was observed in all assayed temperatures.

Th e article presents the results of
anatomical and morphological study of the fruits
of the genus Viola L. Ultraskulptura surface
capsules, anatomical wall and the base of the
fruit as well as the types of stomatal apparatus,
especially uncovered capsules have been studied.
Th e dependence of the anatomical structure and
mechanism dehiscence fruits has been revealed.
Th e basic carpooekologicus types of fruits have
been distinguished.

Structural stability of a pigmentary complex
(chlorophylls) of the phytoplankton is shown on extensive
material. It does not depend on abiotic, biotic and anthropic
factors. Characteristic law has been revealed in the ratio of
the basic chlorophyll a and additional b and c to their sum
as parameter А:B:С, where А=а/(а+b+с), B= b/(а+b+с),
С= с/(а+b+с) in percentage. The parameter refl ects
the general structure and functionality of phytoplankton
(specifi c structure, versions of metabolism, maturity
of phytocenosis) and can be applied to any water
phytocenosis.

Mollusks have long been known to naturally
accumulate metals to high concentrations, particularly
in the digestive gland. Among them scallops have able
to accumulate toxic Cd to concentrations far exceeding
those in the surrounding seawater. We have studied the
cadmium-binding ligands in the digestive gland of M.
yessoensis The results have revealed two high molecular
weight proteins with a 72 and 43 kDa in M. yessoensis
with specifi c spectroscopic relation ( 254/ 280 нм >
2) and 10 SH-groups for both proteins. The results of the
study of cadmium accumulation in the digestive gland
of the scallop and the distribution of cadmium among
cytoplasmic proteins in the M. yessoensis from locations
with varying degrees of anthropogenic impact showed a
well-developed mechanism of adaptation in M. yessoensis
to highly toxic cadmium.

The method for increasing the dispersion of
aerosol particles was developed to enhance the therapeutic
effect of drugs by inhalation them. It is shown that the use
of the sparger in a standard inhaler has increased the
proportion of submicroscopic particles (d ≤ 1 m) from 7 to
about 50%, which can substantially increase the treatment
effi ciency, improve its safety and signifi cantly reduce the
effective doses of drugs.

A new nutrient medium for cultivating
Legionella has been suggested on the basis of carrot acid
hydrolization with stimulating components from almonds,
peanut and shrimps. A review of the sources on chemical
compounds of the used raw materials for growth factors has
been made and growth factors for Legionella have been
found out. The technology of preparing the environment
has been described in detail. The received results testify
that nutrient mediums with stimulating components from
almonds and peanuts promote a high output of bacterial
weight, slightly concede to the control, do not change
classical characteristics of microorganisms and can be an
economical model for diagnostic and industrial purposes.

Modern science shows a big interest in
phytotherapy. Medicinal plants save many biologically active
substances, which cure different diseases. The extraction of
biologically active substances is an acute question. All ways
of extraction could be subdivided into traditional: pressing
(hot and cold), percolation, maceration extraction and
modern: supercritical ultrasound extraction, extraction by
liquefi ed gas, electro osmosis, etc. All of them have dignities
and specifi cities, which should be taken into consideration
depending on the set task. Unfortunately the investigations of
the most physiological of all extractions, namely extraction of
biologically active substances into water, are quite rare.

So far Russian and foreign scientists have
suggested a lot of effi cient immunodiagnostic tests,
but most of them are only experimental elaborations.
The article provides the results of constructing
immunobiological preparation data for tularemia pathogen
laboratory diagnosis and identifi cation: erythrosytes
diagnostic, immunoferment test-systems, fl uorescent
immunoglobulins, magnoimmunosorbent diagnostic testsystems.
Biotechnology of producing the above mentioned
preparations has been elaborated and offi cial standard
documents (production regulations, technical conditions,
usage instructions) have been approved at local and
federal levels documents, which permits commercial
certifi cated diagnostic preparations production.

This paper is devoted to the study of nesting
biology of the Booted Eagle (Hieraaetus pennatus Gm.)
on the territory of European Russia. The following records
have been put to scrutiny: the time of the arrival at nesting
places, the location of nests within the forest, types of
nesting trees, nesting biotopes, the height of nests above
the ground. The results indicate considerable adaptive
potential and ecological plasticity of this species.

The article explores the infl uence of a set
of stamina-developing exercises, which was used by the
author during martial arts training sessions. The monitoring
of the functional state was conducted during the research
period. Objective indicators of the cardiovascular and
central nervous systems have been selected to defi ne
the reaction of the body to the proposed physical stress.
Changes in the cardiovascular system during the sessions
were recorded with the help of the screening device
Varipuls containing variational pulsometry indices: the
heart rate and the index of the sympathoadrenal tone.
The training sessions were conducted in a training mode,
aimed at developing the aerobic qualities of martial arts
fi ghters.

The paper is concerned with seasonal
dynamics of acid phosphatase, acid DNasa and acid
RNase activity in liver and gills of the bream inhabiting
the Rybinsk reservoir. The seasonal activity dynamics
appears to be similar for all studied enzymes and shows
the intensity of fi sh metabolism in different time of their life.
We have revealed a distinct correlation between the level
specifi c activity of the enzymes and reproductive periods
(spawning) and intensive periods of fi sh feeding. We have
discus a possible use of the collected data to monitor
physiological conditions of fi sh.

The article presents the results of the study of
ecological and hygienic investigation of the coastal areas
of the Absheron peninsula used for recreation purposes.
The received results have proved the necessity of effective
actions to protect the coastal soils of the peninsula and
perspectives of using Rhodococcus erythropolis got from
the coastal petropolluted ground for this purpose.

The aim of the study was to investigate
the antibacterial feature of individual fractions of white
Naftalan oil, obtained by distillation of this oil in the range
of 220-4200C, with essential oils of plants of fennel and
thyme in Staphylococcus aureus. The results showed
that the composition of fractions of white Naphthalan oil
with essential oils of thyme, fennel, show more active
antimicrobial effect than pure fractions. 100% antimicrobial
effect of thyme for 1:0,04-0,1 ml, and fennel for 1:0,08-0
ml.

The article provides data on positive
infl uence of the increased quantity of progesterone on
sows productivity during implantation of embryos. It has
been established that progesterone injections contributed
to polycarpia effect by 0.3 - 0.6 piglets in a farrow.

The necessity of studying newly discovered
properties of medical products has been shown. As
a part of the exploration of anti-infl ammatory effect of
Panavir medication we have described the experiments
on models of acute and chronic infl ammation. It has been
proved by experiment that Panavir viricide displays antiinfl
ammatory action which may be compared with the
similar one of diclofenac sodium. It is recommended that
full-scale clinical studies of anti-infl ammatory Panavir
effect should be carried out to extend the indications for
clinical application.

The paper presents the results of the study
to identify genotoxicity of the environment of Corbicula
japonica inhabiting different sites of Peter the Great Bay.
To reveal the genotoxic effects we have used the comet
assay. It has been found out that the molluscs inhabiting the
Razdolnaya river are under the infl uence of anthropogenic
pollution, as 1/3 of the genome of C. japonica gill cells has
a pronounced destructive changes. The positive correlation
between the degree of DNA damage and the level of
accumulation of lipid peroxidation products has been
detect. This indicates that the molluscs that live in areas
with anthropogenic infl uence are in a state of oxidative
stress, which is a key mechanism for the degradation of
DNA molecule.

We have studied the physical and chemical
mechanisms of strings formation in the model prebiotic
systems including aqueous solutions of phenylalanine.
We discuss the biological signifi cance of the strings, as
elements of intercellular commutation, cytoskeleton and
other anisometric structures.
The estimated energy of the strings activation from
kinetic balance condition under the observed formation
thresholds made ~ 0.5 ev.
We have shown the considerable importance of chirality
of gelator molecules when strings are formed as well as
competitiveness of weak intermolecular interactions in
production of the supramolecular structure which allows of
considering strings, as control elements in the biological
systems.

The study has made a list of daily and allembryogenetic
development indexes of the chick embryo.
The obtained data can be used as standard ones in other
researches of chick embryos, including the study of various
factors infl uencing them.

Within our carpological study of the family Oleaceae, we have examined the fruits of the genus Fontanesia. For the fi rst time we have described the pericarp
hystogenesis of F. phillyraeoides. We have found that
sclerenchyma of the mesocarp develops from the internal
layer of the ovary walls mesophyll, which is typical for other
members of the family. The pericarp structure of Fontanesia
and Abeliophyllum shows characteristic features of
all members of the Oleaceae (e.g. the parenhymatous endocarp).
The obtained results allow us to defi ne a morphogenetic
type of fruit Fontanesia as Olea-type pyrenarium.
We have also checked possible phylogenetic relationships
of Fontanesia with Abeliophyllum and Fraxinus based on
carpological data

Within our carpological study of the family Oleaceae for the fi rst time we have conducted a detailed
study of the development of trichomes for genus Fraxinus.
We have found the clusters of initial cells in the basement of
gynoecium even for undeveloped fl owers. We have traced
consecutive periclinal and anticlinal divisions of initial cells
leading to formation of trichomes. Basing on the results
obtained we have confi rmed genus Fraxinus to be a highly
specialized and isolated genus within Oleaceae family.

The article gives information about the
results of hydro chemical and hydro biological analyses of
water, bottom-dwelling sediments and macrozoobenthos
in different parts of the river Dnieper on the territory of the
Smolensk region. It is stated that the chemical composition
of the Dniepers water and bottom-dwelling sediments
reveals all the complexity of the geomorphologohydrological
state of its basin and the result of the economic
activity infl uence, which is great enough and has caused
the formation of zones of extreme ecological state and
ecological disaster in some of the river stretches.

Meschera is an outwash sandy plain. Due
to the glaciers in the north of the region Meschera has
accumulated waters. Today the only source of water on the
territory is precipitation. The fi rst level of subsoil waters,
because of the 20th century meliorating processes, had
gone to the irrigational canals or dried up. Today dry peat is
burning. Its thickness is nearly forming from 6 to 8 meters.
We must fi nd some other methods, besides the Meschera
waters, to put out fi res. This could be loamy soils, for
example.

The article analyzes the content of the forms
(exchange, complex, and specifi cally sorbed) of heavy
metals by the example of copper, zinc and lead in the urban
soils of Arkhangelsk. It assesses the state of contaminated
soils to identify not only the increase the total metal
content, but the changes in their mobility. Evaluation has
been made by determining the proportion of each form of
transformation obtained by selective extracts from the total
number of potentially mobile forms. General regularities in
the distribution and migration of heavy metals (lead, zinc
and copper) in the soils have been identifi ed.

Mining enterprises have to deal with the acute
problem of ecologically rational and economically effi cient
land-utilization. As their strategies are aimed merely at
minerals extraction with the highest possible fi nancial result
the procedure of full-scale exhausted land reclamation and
expenses for it are not included into technological schemes
and thereafter into technological and economic indicators
of the enterprises. The model approaches and indicators
proposed in this article allow to solve the problem of
corporate planning of the procedure of rational reclamation
of lands destroyed by mine working, and also to carry out
the analysis of land-utilization optimality extent of a mining
enterprise. The model calculations are based on the results
of the authors study of Pelegiada chalkstone deposit which
have been exploited for more than fi fty years.

Data on the experimental studies of functional
and ultimate composition, as well as on molecular-mass
distribution of humic acids extracted out of oligotrophic peat
bog of the Arkhangelsk region are presented in the given
paper. Problems of dependence of sorption and complexing
properties of humic acids on their structural and functional
composition are discussed. Based on the studies of sorption
activity of humic acids towards mercury and cadmium ions
the possibility of utilization of the humic acids as heavy metals
sorbents has been proved. Data on the studies of complexing
properties of humic acids is presented. Globally, prospective
of the complex studies of the polymer complexes and sorption
properties of humic acids is based on the large distribution of
peat bogs in the Atrkhangelsk region, which makes it possible
to develop effective and functional polymer materials for
different purposes on their basis.

The article offers physically correct
definition of nanostructure as an object for which the
distance between adjacent energy levels that determine
its physical and chemical properties has the same order
of temperature that exists on the Earth surface. The size
of such an object is equal to several nanometers, which
justifies the definition of nanostructure, based on the
size of atoms and molecules. The relationship between
nanoobjects and the anisotropic principle based on
spectral determination is considered.