We present the results of investigation of the effects of crude oil from ‘Azery’ and ‘Oil Rocks’ deposits (concentration 500 mg/L) on the gill tissue of common carp after 1, 3, 6, 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours of exposure. In the first hours of exposure (1, 3 and 6 h), lifting of respiratory epithelium, hyperplasia of primary and secondary lamellae, oedema were observed. The further exposure to crude oil resulted in fusion of adjacent lamellae, blood stagnation, aneurism and necrosis. The obtained results show that the effects of crude oil induce the histology alterations in the gill tissue already in the first hours of exposure.

We have studied the peculiarities of distribution of trees by diameter on the slopes of exogenous type. It is found that the ratio of the diameters of trees in stands of Siberian larch, Scots pine in different geographical areas does not quite match the approved pattern of German professor Wilhelm Weise that any planted trees are divided into two unequal parts: 57.5% of the trees have a thickness less than the average diameter, and 42.5% of the trees have a thickness greater than the average diameter.

We have studied the ecological and biological properties of opportunistic representatives of micromycetes in residential buildings. It is found that the violation of the hydrological regime increases the adaptive capacity and the sedimentation rate of bioaerosol micromycetes. It is also determined that the temperature rise stimulates the process of mycogenic sensitization of opportunistic fungi migrating to the human body.

The intraspecific polymorphism of a fresh-water snail Viviparus viviparus L. is studied by using the Km value of the acid phosphatase and DNAse and PCR fragments flanked with microsatellites and retrotransposones. The character of differentiation of snail populations in open reservoirs of the Moscow region is analyzed. It is shown that similarities and distinctions in snail populations are affected mainly by biotic and abiotic environment factors including the technogenic pressure and, to a much smaller degree, by territorial factors including the geographical localization of populations.

Electrocardiograms of 10-day-old rabbits, which were subjected to hypoxia at different stages of prenatal ontogenesis (embryonic, fetal and prefetal), were investigated. It is found that the heart rate and the amplitudes of the QRS(R) complex and T wave were the most sensitive to hypoxia. These changes are most pronounced in the rabbits, which were subjected to the effects of hypoxia in the embryonic period of embryogenesis. It is possible that changes of this type are associated with the development of internals during early embryogenesis and the highest sensitivity to the lack of oxygen during this period.

We present the data on the isolation of different types of B. anthracis cultures from the soil of different regions of Azerbaijan. The presence of a lyses zone is found under the influence of the phage gamma A26, against the background of which phage-resistant colonies are visible. With a view to possible phage-typing of atypical strains of microorganisms with different B. anthracis bacteriophages obtained with respect to different types of B. anthracis strains, we have worked out a method of radial lysis using the anthrax bacteriophage gamma A26 in the detection of B. anthracis from the soil.

We present the data on the age structure of population and growth of the eastern sand lizard, Lacerta agilis exigua (Eichwald, 1831), in the Kuma-Manych Depression on the territory of Stavropol Krai. At the end of June 2011 and 2012, 242 lizards including 163 females and 79 males were investigated. The age was determined by means of the skeletochronological analysis of a phalanx of the fourth finger of a hind right leg. The maximum age of male and female lizards reached 8 years. Lizards at the age of 4-6 years amounted to 81.4% of the population. The length of the body (L) of adult females was 67.1-102.0 mm, and the length of males was 66.0-114.0 mm. The coefficient of correlation (r) of the length of the body with the age of males was 0.54. It is found that the body length and the age of the sand lizard in the studied population are maximal for this subspecies.

Microbial biomass in the soil is an important factor in determining the direction and intensity of biogeochemical processes. We report quantitative estimation of microbial biomass carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus in tundra soils of northern Fennoscandia. It is found that the content of microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen in the soil of plane tundra is higher than that in the soil of mountainous tundra, which reflects their relationship with the total content of C and N in the soil. The difference in the contents of microbial biomass phosphorous in the soils studied is virtually indistinguishable. We have estimated the fraction of the microbial biomass elements in the total content of carbon, nitrogen and phosphorous in tundra soils. It is shown that for surface organic horizons the fraction of microbial biomass carbon ranged from 0.6 to 0.9% of the total pool of soil carbon. The content of microbial biomass nitrogen is 1 - 1.2% and of phosphorus - from 6 to 35%. At the same time the concentration of microbial biomass phosphorus is the greatest in soils containing a minimal amount of phosphorus.

Ten pure colonies of microorganisms were isolated and purified from arid soils of Azarshahr (East Azerbaijan, Iran). Of all the isolates, and only strains F10 and E12, identified by molecular tests and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) as Achromobacter sp., could degrade liquid paraffin by more than 90%. The primary intermediate product of decomposed paraffin was identified as acetic acid. Analysis of various soil microflora showed the possibility of obtaining strains of bacteria, which in turn can be used to produce microbial preparations, promising for the degradation of organic compounds (like paraffin), by the methods of genetic modification.

In a review modern data on proteomic and bioinformation technologies of development of biochemistry of proteins are presented. It is shown that the coding capacity of matrix DNA cannot provide completely mitochondria’s in proteins. Data that there are five various mechanisms of import of proteins in a mitochondrion are given. Data that there are restrictions of computing technologies which consist in big percent of the false positive results, and also in impossibility of detection of target-signals for everything proteom are given. Advantages of tandem mass spectrometry to carrying out such researches are shown. Also, on localization of proteins it is possible to carry microscopy methods at which the principle of immunofluorescence of nature proteins is used to successfully applied approaches. Data on the main properties of proteoms proteins are provided.

Using the methods of mathematical modeling of soil erosion we have evaluated the possible dimensions of soil erosion on the left bank of the Dniester River. The data obtained by calculation are displayed in the form of cartographic material. The analysis of various areas of the region with different levels of erosion and their contribution to the erosion on the territory of the left bank of the Dniester River are presented. The most sensitive parameters of the RUSLE model are identified. The grouping of soils is given depending on the degree of danger in connection with the dimensions of manifestation of erosion processes. The correspondence of the rate of erosion to the rate of the soil-forming process is analyzed.

We consider the problems of the present-day development of one of the old industrial areas of Ukraine - Donetsk region - in connection with the analysis of the ecological situation. Among the main reasons for the formation of environmentally unfriendly environment is the predominance of heavy industries in the industrial structure. The results of the influence of environmental conditions on health and the regional natural resource potential are presented. Conclusions are made that the identified crises have negative social consequences and pose a threat to the further development of the industrial region.