The man-made sources of releases of fluorine compounds to the environment are analyzed. It is noted that the occurrence of elevated concentrations of fluorine in trophic chains can lead to undesirable environmental consequences against the background of toxicity of organic monoflouride compounds. The possibilities of the human spread of fluorine in connection with the implementation of the Montreal Protocol are discussed.

Transparency, colority, and turbidity of water can be reliably determined by the integrated intensity of light absorption in the visible spectrum of natural water samples. Transparency is determinated by light absorption of original water, colority - by light absorption of centrifuged water, and turbidity - by difference of the light absorption of original water and centrifuged water. In order to eliminate the differences of spectrophotometric measurements of colority and turbidity of water, it is reasonable to determinate this parameters by the integrated intensity of light absorption and to use a new more realistic physical dimension of them (cm^-2).

We report the results of studies of the processes of mixing and granulation by an integration method with preliminary mechanical activation in relation to enzyme preparations. The efficiency of granulated enzymes in comparison with a powdered material is shown. Granulation mechanisms are discussed for different types of enzyme preparations capable of coagulating milk. Different types of the equipment for the production lines are tested and recommendations are given. The technological scheme of production of granulated enzymes is developed.

We have estimated the total content of fluorine and its mobile forms by X-ray fluorescence analysis and potentiometry in roadside soils of the Moscow region by the example of areas adjacent to Yaroslavskoe, Fryanovskoe and Nosovikhinskoe highways. The accuracy of the analysis is controlled by the soil reference materials. It is shown that roadside areas under study are significantly polluted by fluorine, which is manifested in an increased total concentration of fluorine in the soil. However, the content of mobile forms of fluoride in the areas under study is not increased.

We have studied the phenology of the main types of cyst nematodes during the vegetation period of cultural host plants. The output of the larvae from the cysts is found to strongly depend on the temperature, soil moisture, and availability of root exudates of host plants. The influence of the dominant abiotic factors on the duration of development of cyst nematodes is explained. The offset to an earlier completion of their ontogenesis upon the occurrence of heat-arid phase climate is found. The dates of visual inspection of plant communities in the period of when the females appear on the roots of host plants are specified.

We consider the design of oligonucleotide primers for PCR. Those types of tests are described that can be performed using ISSR and RAPD methods: molecular analysis of DNA polymorphism and detection of individual, intra-population or species peculiarities of heredity. Microsatellites are encountered with high frequency in eukaryotic genomes. Microsatellite repetitions are often used in the study of DNA polymorphism. In order to achieve highly specific results in these studies the ends of oligonucleotide primers need to be consolidated with the help of selective nucleotides. The advantage of the variety of PCR analysis is the fact that the establishment of appropriate primers does not require prior knowledge of the nucleotide sequence of the target DNA.

The hypothesis is verified about poisoning the family of Feudal Prince Staritskii and Marfa Sobakina - the wife of Ivan the Terrible - by X-ray fluorescence analysis. We have studied the bone remains of Ephros-inia Staritskaya and Evdokiya Staritskaya, a 12-yeal-old child of unknown gender from the crypt of the latter, and Tsaritsa Marfa Sobakina. As a control, bone remains of a modern woman have been investigated, who died not from poisoning by heavy elements. The hypothesis about the poisoning of the considered historical personalities was not confirmed.

We report the experimental data on the efficiency of the healing of thermal injuries on rabbits with use of a Bioptron phototherapy device. The results of morphological and planimetric studies during 5 to 15 days after wounding are analyzed. It is found that the injuries are healed more intensively in the case of light therapy using the device: the inflammatory edema decreases, and collagen fibers of the connective tissue and neoangiogenesis are developed in a quicker and more ordered manner. The conclusion is made about expediency of physiotherapy in the treatment of injuries.

We study the process of anaerobic fermentation of urban sewage water in the presence of an activator obtained from from liquid wastes of Food Industry. Experiments performed on an laboratory facility indicate that the use of the activator reduces the starting time of anaerobic fermentation by 2.5 times and increases the speed of the reaction. The optimal amount of the activator is determined, which forms one percentage of the loaded volume of the substrate.

We consider the problem of soil contamination by heavy metals in the Moscow region under conditions of a severe anthropogenic impact on the ecosystem of the region. We report the main features of distribution of six heavy metals over soil-geographical districts of the Moscow region. The conclusion is made that all known metals are soil contaminants in the Moscow region and that the soil pollution is caused not only by natural lithogenous sources, but also by anthropogenous air pollutants.

We consider a technological method for assessing forest vegetation degradation with the help of empirical GIS-modeling data aimed at increasing the efficiency of forest management tasks. We describe the analysis of hyperspectral survey materials, which allow one to increase the efficiency of forest area research projects by means of remote control tools.

The scientific foundations of applied geoecology are discussed. At the modern level of knowledge, applied geoecology studies the relationship and interaction between man and his activities with the environment in the spatio-temporal specificity. In applied geoecology - scientific and educational discipline - we differ between guided geoecology, production geoecology, medical geoecology, military geoecology, political geoecology, space geoecology, and historical geoecology.