Classification of Landscape Complexes of Belogradchish Rocks (Bulgaria) by Visual and Aesthetic Characteristics

Aim. Classification of landscape complexes based on their visual and aesthetic qualities using remote sensing methods, using the Belogradchish Rocks natural landmark as an example.

Methodology. An aesthetic assessment of landscape complexes was conducted in the field using route surveys and high-resolution UAV imaging. Unlike field routes or observations at individual viewpoints, remote sensing methods provide a continuous areal survey of the territory. Fifteen indicators were identified that allow for a visual and aesthetic assessment of any of 1,130 points at 80-meter intervals using a combined digital elevation model (SRTM DEM + DTM with UAV). The visual and aesthetic quality of landscape complexes classified as tracts was assessed based on a set of observation points within their boundaries, calculating the proportions of points with varying degrees of aesthetic appeal. This provided the basis for classifying tract complexes based on the degree of homogeneity of visual and aesthetic qualities within their landscape boundaries. For landscape complexes of the same genetic type that were characterized by disparate assessments of visual and aesthetic quality, a statistical analysis of the factors that may cause heterogeneity in landscape complex assessments was conducted. Estimates vary depending on the elevation of the complex, the density of the stand, and its position relative to neighboring complexes. Taking these factors into account, tract types can be divided into subtypes, which are characterized by uniformity in their visual and aesthetic qualities.

Results. The types and subtypes of landscape complexes of the Belogradchish Rocks natural landmark territory, which have uniformity of visual and aesthetic quality within their boundaries, have been identified and mapped.

Research implications. A methodology for compiling a map of landscape complexes based on their visual and aesthetic value is proposed.

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