Influence of landscape-ecological changes on river flow transformation of two analogues drains in the southwestern part of the Ob-Irtysh basin

Aim. The transformation of water runoff (for the period from 1959–1980 to 2016) is considered on the example of two analogous catchments of the Nitsa and Pyshma rivers (the right tributaries of the Tura river) in terms of area characteristics and natural landscape conditions. Ob). These catchment areas differ only in the degree of anthropogenic transformation, which allows them to be considered as interesting objects for comparative analysis.

Procedure and methods. The average values of monthly water consumption, maximum and minimum water consumption were selected as primary hydrological data. In conjunction with the dynamics of hydrological parameters, climate change trends are also considered, and their contribution to the formation of the runoff of the Nitsa and Pyshma rivers is shown. It was found that climate dynamics at this stage does not significantly contribute to changes in the structure of the liquid flow of the rivers under consideration. The trends of landscape abioticization in the two studied catchments are estimated based on the analysis of land use dynamics, calculation of the rate of change in the area of anthropogenic objects and the degree of fragmentation of the basin land area by artificial boundaries. It is revealed that the most transformed catchment is the river catchment area.

Results. Nitsa (78% of anthropogenic-modified and technogenic-transformed landscapes and 14% of non-fragmented territory, compared to 58% and 20% within the Pyshma river catchment area, respectively). The influence of anthropogenic transformation of landscapes (in the form of increased abioticization of the catchment area and its fragmentation) on the change in the structure of the liquid flow of two rivers is estimated. Increasing the degree of abiotical and fragmentation of the catchment contributes to greater response of Nitsa river on the climate change that is observed in the form of increasing the role of spring floods and increased flood risk.

Research implications. It seems that this approach is of interest for predicting fluctuations in river flow in conditions of increasing climate instability. In conclusion, a set of indicators for assessing the ecological state of watersheds is proposed. In conclusion, it is proposed to assess the ecological state of catchments by the sum of parameters: phytomass reserves in dynamics, the degree of fragmentation of the territory by area and linear objects of anthropogenic (including technogenic) origin and its change trends. and its change trends, dynamics of surface and underground runoff components, change in the share of spring floods and summer-autumn floods in the river runoff structure, dynamics of river runoff during hydrological phases, presence and recurrence of catastrophic hydrological events (abnormally high floods, floods, river shallowing, etc.).

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