Dynamics and Main Directions of Tourism Industry Development in Modern Russia

Alm. The purpose of the article is to identify some general and regional features and reasons for the dynamics of domestic and external (outbound) tourism development in the Russian Federation over the past 20 years. It is proposed to describe and evaluate the existing significant and diverse resource potential of domestic tourism development in the country in the context of the actual directions of domestic tourism development in Russia proposed by the authors.
Methodology. Comparative geographical and statistical research methods were used. The following indicators were used, reflecting the dynamics of the development of the tourism industry for the period from 2002 to 2021: the number of Russian tourists sent by tourist companies on tours in Russia and abroad, thousand people and % to previous years. The materials of the study were the official data of Rosstat. Within the period 2002–2021, data for 2007, 2009 and 2015 were selected, which made it possible to identify some features and patterns of the dynamics of the Russian tourism industry in connection with domestic and foreign policy and economic reasons.
Results. An analysis of statistical indicators characterizing the dynamics of the development of domestic and external (outbound) tourism in the Russian Federation over several periods showed that the tourism industry responds quite quickly to both positive and negative reasons affecting its dynamics, with a time lag of only 1–2 years. It is confirmed that the economic crisis of 2008, the coronavirus pandemic of 2020–2021, as well as sanctions in connection with the political events of 2014 and 2021. significantly and ambiguously influenced the development of the tourism industry in Russia. Many regions of Russia still associate their hopes for further economic development with the tourism industry, but the potential resources for tourism development are very unequal.
Research implications. The article summarises new statistical material on the topic under study and introduces the author's typology of domestic tourism development directions in Russia.

1. Victorin V.M. [The Lower Volga cult of “holy places – “aulya” among settled nomads and service Tatar migrants (images of Tukli – Baba Shashly – Adjé and Oruk (O'rek, Urdak) – Adjé)]. In: Nigamaev A.Z., ed. Islam i tyurkskiy mir: problemy obrazovaniya, yazyka, literatury, istorii i religii [Islam and the Turkic world: problems of education, language, literature, history and religion: materials of the conference]. Kazan, 2016, pp.11–13.

2. Golubkova K.S. [Tourism in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic]. In: Sovremennyye tendentsii i tekhnologii razvitiya potentsiala regionov [Modern trends and technologies for the development of regional potential]. St.Petersburg, 2022, pp.124–129.

3. Goryashko A. [Birdwatching: the science of tender passion]. In: Mir ptits [World of Birds], 2007, vol.35, pp.46.

4. Bugromenko V.N., Krylov P.M., Mukhatov T.D., Shubin A.V. Dolgosrochnaya strategiya razvitiya seti avtomobil'nykh dorog Astrakhanskoy oblasti s pozitsiy ustoychivogo razvitiya: Belaya kniga avtodorog Astrakhanskoy oblasti [Long-term strategy for the development of the highway network of the Astrakhan region from the perspective of sustainable development: White Book of highways of the Astrakhan region]. Moscow, Mai print, 2007. 118 p.

5. Karabaeva A.Z., Morozova L.A. [Tourist and recreational zoning of the territory of the Astrakhan region]. In: Astrakhanskiy vestnik ekologicheskogo obrazovaniya [Astrakhan Bulletin of Environmental Education], 2021, no.2, pp.144–149.

6. Krylov P.M. [Recreation and tourism in the Sakhalin region: problems and prospects for development from the perspective of territorial planning]. In: Vestnik Volzhskogo universiteta im. V. N. Tatishcheva [Bulletin of the Volga University named after V.N.Tatishcheva], 2021, vol.2, no.3, pp.33–44.

7. Kulikova V.V., Zhivotov V.A., Kovaleva E.A. [Administrative practice of implementing state policy in the field of tourism]. In: Astrakhanskiy vestnik ekologicheskogo obrazovaniya [Astrakhan Bulletin of Environmental Education], 2022, no.5, pp.71–77.

8. Meshchenina A.A., Miroshnichenko A.S. [Selitrennoye fortification as a historical and cultural object of the Astrakhan region]. In: Krivosheev Yu.V., ed. Problemy istoricheskogo regionovedeniya [Problems of historical regional studies]. St.Petersburg, 2017, pp.184–196.

9. Nevzorov V.A., Selishchev E.N. [Geographical analysis of the demographic situation in the Yaroslavl region]. In: Astrakhanskiy vestnik ekologicheskogo obrazovaniya [Astrakhan Bulletin of Environmental Education], 2021, no.1, pp.127–134.

10. Oborin M.S. [Effective approaches to the development of domestic tourism in the new economic reality]. In: Slinkova O.K., ed. Turizm i gostepriimstvo: novyye kontseptsii, vozmozhnosti i instrumenty razvitiya [Tourism and hospitality: new concepts, opportunities and development tools]. Belgorod, 2022, pp.110–115.

11. Utegenov R.A., Isakaeva A.P., Bezuglova M.S., Sharova I.S. [Problems and prospects for the development of tourism on the basis of the tourist center “Sarai-Batu”]. In: Ekologiya Rossii: na puti k innovatsiyam [Ecology of Russia: on the way to innovation], 2015, no.12, pp.176–178.

12. Putrik Yu.S., Solovyov A.P. [Intangible cultural heritage of Russia as a resource for the formation of a tourist offer]. In: Uchonyye zapiski [Scientific notes], 2022, no.2, pp.49–62.

13. Chuikov Yu.S., Chuikova L.Yu. [History of the creation of a system of specially protected natural areas in the Astrakhan region: geographical and environmental aspects (to the centenary of the Astrakhan Nature Reserve)]. In: Astrakhanskiy vestnik ekologicheskogo obrazovaniya [Astrakhan Bulletin of Environmental Education], 2019, no.2, pp.4–43.

14. Chuikov Yu.S., Chuikova L.Yu. [Unique natural complex – Bogdinsko-Baskunchaksky, problems of protection (to the 25th anniversary of the reserve)]. In: Astrakhanskiy vestnik ekologicheskogo obrazovaniya [Astrakhan Bulletin of Environmental Education], 2022, no.5, pp.158–190.

15. Shvets I.Yu. [Global and local impact of COVID-19 on the tourism sector]. In: Ekonomika posle koronakrizisa: vyzovy i resheniya [Economy after the coronavirus crisis: challenges and solutions]. Moscow, 2022, pp.105–117.

16. Shirina N.V., Akulova A.A. [Analysis of measures to protect the territories of cultural heritage sites using the example of the urban settlement “Prokhorovka Village” in the Belgorod region]. In: Astrakhanskiy vestnik ekologicheskogo obrazovaniya [Astrakhan Bulletin of Environmental Education], 2021, no.1, pp.113–119.

17. Chernyshova A.S., Iolin M.M., Sharova I.S., Borzova A.S., Voronina A.S. [Ecological tourism on the territory of the Astrakhan region]. In: Sharova I.S., Kryzhnovskaya G.V., Iolin M.M. Turizm i rekreatsiya: innovatsii i GIS-tekhnologii [Tourism and recreation: innovations and GIS technologies]. Astrakhan, 2022, pp.33–39.

18. Arustamov E.A., Krylov P.M., Chuikov Yu.S., Chuikova L.Yu. [Economic, geographical and environmental factors of the need for dynamic development of tourism in Russia]. In: Astrakhan Bulletin of Environmental Education [Astrakhan Bulletin of Environmental Education], 2022, no.6, pp.120–130.

19. Mosalev A.I., Shpilina T.M., Shcheglova O.G., Gizyatova A.S. Human Resources Management for Tourism and Hospitality Industry in Russia. In: IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science. Vol. 204. Tomsk, 2018. P.012031.

20. Konovalova E.E., Yudina E.V., Bushueva I.V., et al. Forming Approaches to Strategic Management and Development of Tourism and Hospitality Industry in the Regions. In: Journal of Environmental Management and Tourism, 2018, vol.9, no.2, pp.241–247.