For Spatial Development of Recreational Nature Management in the Russian Federation: Legal Aspect

Aim. The aim of this study is to analyze the prerequisites for the expansion of territories whose primary or secondary function, in the context of shifting regional development priorities in the Russian Federation, is to provide conditions for tourism and recreational activities; identify potential problems and risks.

Methodology. The research is based on an analysis of tourist-recreational land use practices across various regions of Russia, compared with changes introduced in federal-level regulatory legal documents over the past five years. Comparing practical experience with the legal framework allowed for the identification of current and potential problems and risks.

Results. The analysis showed that in recent years, terminological inconsistencies in codes and federal laws relating to recreational activities have been eliminated; in legal documents of the federal level, the range of territories for which the tourist and recreational function is fixed as the main or accompanying was expanded; there are a number of territories involved in tourism and recreational activities in practice, but not reflecting this function in legal documents of the federal level (lands of health and recreation areas and resorts, places of traditional existence of folk art crafts, historical settlements, territories of traditional nature management of indigenous peoples); for certain categories of land (museums-reserves, rural areas), the improvement of the conditions for the development of recreational activities is ahead of the improvement of the conditions for the preservation of natural and natural-cultural complexes.

Research implications. The findings can be used in the planning and design of recreational territories, as well as in organizing recreational and environmental protection activities.

1. Vedenin Yu. A. ["Reserved Kenozerye" in the UNESCO system of categories of outstanding universal value]. In: Naslediye i sovremennost [Heritage and modernity], 2019, vol. 2, no. 2, pp. 132–145.

2. Degteva Zh. F. [Mapping of ethnocultural landscapes of indigenous peoples of the North of Yakutia]. In: Geograficheskaya sreda i zhivyye sistemy [Geographical environment and living systems], 2023, no. 2, pp. 154–169. DOI: 10.18384/2712-7621-2023-2-154-169

3. Isachenko G. A., Volkova E. A., Khramtsov V. N. [Dynamics of forest communities of specially protected natural areas of St. Petersburg]. In: Byulleten Glavnogo botanicheskogo sada [Bulletin of the Main Botanical Garden], 2019, no. 3, pp. 38–40. DOI: 10.25791/BBGRAN.03.2019.886

4. Isachenko T. E., Isachenko G. A., Ozerova S. D. [Dynamics of the spatial organization of recreation in the zone of influence of St. Petersburg in the second decade of the 21th century]. In: Vestnik SPbGU. Nauki o Zemle [Bulletin of St. Petersburg State University. Earth sciences], 2021, vol. 66, no. 4, pp. 759–780. DOI: 10.21638/spbu07.2021.407

5. Isachenko T. E., Isachenko G. A., Ozerova S. D. [Assessment of recreational disturbance and regulation of loads in specially protected natural areas of St. Petersburg]. In: Vestnik SPbGU. Nauki o Zemle [Bulletin of St. Petersburg State University. Earth sciences], 2020, vol. 65, no. 1, pp. 16–32. DOI: 10.21638/spbu07.2020.102

6. Isachenko T. E., Kosarev A. V. [Development of the legal basis for recreational nature management in Russia]. In: Izvestiya Russkogo geograficheskogo obshchestva [News of the Russian Geographical Society], 2019, vol. 151, no. 2, pp. 1-18. DOI: 10.31857/S0869-607115121-18

7. Kalikhman T. P., Kalikhman A. D. [Lake Baikal in the environmental paradigm]. In: Izvestiya AO RGO [News JSC RGO], 2019, vol. 45, no. 2, pp. 24–46.

8. Korytny L. M., Evstropieva O. V. [On the development of rules for organizing tourism and recreation in the central ecological zone of the Baikal natural territory]. In: Sovremennyye problemy i servis turizma [Modern problems of service and tourism], 2018, 12, 31–42. DOI: 10.24411/1995-0411-2018-10303

9. Kryukov V. A., Golubeva E. I. [Transformation of environmental restrictions of the Losiny Ostrov National Park]. In: Vestnik Sankt-Peterburgskogo universiteta. Nauki o Zemle [Bulletin of St. Petersburg University. Earth sciences], 2022, no. 67, pp. 181–198. DOI: 10.21638/spbu07.2022.110

10. Kuzmichev I. S., Medvedkov A. A., Skrob P. V. [The development of gully erosion processes in volcanic landscapes of the Klyuchevskoy nature park]. In: Geograficheskaya sreda i zhivyye sistemy [Geographical environment and living systems], 2022, no. 3, pp. 44– 59. DOI: 10.18384/2712-7621-2022-3-44-59

11. Kuleshova M. E. (2019). Regulatory aspects of preserving the cultural landscapes of Russia. In: Man: image and essence. Humanitarian aspects, 2019, no. 1, pp. 133–153 (in Russ.).

12. Luneva E. V. [Organization of geoparks in Russia and the peculiarities of their legal regime]. In: Lex russica, 2021, 74-9, 32–43. DOI: 10.17803/1729-5920.2021.178.9.032-043 (in Russ.).

13. Medvedkov A. A. [Factors that determine the viability of settlements of indigenous ethnic groups of taiga Siberia to climate change (on the example of the settlement of Sulomai Kets]. In: Mikheeva N. M., Kaledina N. V., eds. Regionalnaya politika, politicheskaya geografiya i geopolitika: istoriya i sovremennost [Regional politics, political geography and geopolitics: history and modernity]. St. Petersburg, 2022, pp. 606–611.

14. Onishchenko V. V., Dega N. S., Lysenko A. V. (2021). Teberdinsky State Natural Biosphere Reserve on steep "bends" of sociohistorical formations (experience and "uncertain" prospects ). In: Voprosy geografii [Geography issues], 2021, no. 152, pp. 281–306. DOI: 10.24057/probl.geogr.152.10

15. Volkova E. A., Isachenko G. A., Khramtsova V. N., eds. Priroda zakaznika «Ozero Shchuchye» [Nature of the reserve "Lake Shchuchye]. St. Petersburg, 2017.

16. Surtaev B. M. [Ethnographic tourism as a way to preserve and revive ethnocultural heritage]. In: Vestnik ugrovedeniya [Bulletin of Ugric Studies], 2012, no. 2-1, pp. 178–182.

17. Kalutskova N. N., Sinovski D. S., Dronin N. M., Sinovska D. H., Sheremet E. A. [Experience in nominating geological parks to the UNESCO global network]. In: Geograficheskaya sreda i zhivyye sistemy [Geographical environment and living systems], 2019, no. 2, pp. 80–93. DOI: 10.18384/2310-7189-2019-2-80-93

18. Shagapova R. A. Pravovoy rezhim geoparkov v kachestve osobo okhranyayemykh obyektov mestonakhozhdeniye: avtoref. dis. … kand. yur. nauk [The legal regime of geoparks as specially protected natural areas: dissertation]. Moscow, 2023. 26 p.

19. Yamskov A. N. [Territories of traditional nature management of indigenous peoples and their promising role in the protection and use of the natural and cultural heritage of the regions of the North, Siberia and the Far East]. In: Sibir: proshloye – nastoyashcheye – budushcheye [Siberia: Past – Present – Future], 2018, no. 1, pp. 42–44. DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.3228671