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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">geomgou</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Географическая среда и живые системы</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Geographical Environment and Living Systems</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2712-7613</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2712-7621</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Московский государственный областной университет</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">geomgou-804</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Статьи</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>ОСНОВНЫЕ ЭТАПЫ ФОРМИРОВАНИЯ БИОЭНЕРГЕТИКИ</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>THE HISTORY OF BIOENERGETICS: MAIN STEPS</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Матвеенков</surname><given-names>Н. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">nm37@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff xml:lang="ru" id="aff-1"><institution>Институт истории естествознания и техники
им. С.И. Вавилова РАН (г. Москва)</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2011</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>27</day><month>05</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>62</fpage><lpage>68</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Матвеенков Н.А., 2022</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Матвеенков Н.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Матвеенков Н.А.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.geoecosreda.ru/jour/article/view/804">https://www.geoecosreda.ru/jour/article/view/804</self-uri><abstract><p>Предложена периодизация и охарак-
теризованы этапы формирования биоэнергетики - на-
уки о молекулярных основах энергетического обмена
живых систем. Возникнув в 60-х гг. XIX ст. как приклад-
ное направление, занимающееся вопросом калорий-
ности питательных веществ, биоэнергетика к 30-м гг.
XX ст. становится исследовательской областью био-
химии гликолиза и дыхания. В 1930-х - 50-х гг. была
разработана концепция дыхательной цепи, сформули-
рована проблема окислительного фосфорилирования.
Выдвинутая в 1960-х гг. П. Митчеллом хемиосмотичес-
кая теория сопряжения дыхания и фосфорилирования
позволила разрешить центральную проблему меха-
низма работы дыхательной цепи и способствовала
дисциплинарному оформлению биоэнергетики.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>In the article periodization is proposed and
the steps of historical development of bioenergetics as the
science studying molecular basis of energy metabolism in
living systems are characterized. Bioenergetics, emerged
in the 1860s as an applied branch investigating the heat
content in foodstuffs, in the 1930s became an autonomous
research field in biochemistry of glycolysis and respiration.
In the 1930s - 50s the fundamental respiratory
chain concept was developed, and the problem of oxidative
phosphorylation was posed. Chemiosmotic theory of
the coupling of respiration and phosphorylation, invented
in the 1960s by P. Mitchell, solved the central problem of
respiratory chain mechanism and shaped the bioenergetics
as the discipline.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>биоэнергетика</kwd><kwd>энергетический обмен</kwd><kwd>концепция дыхательной цепи</kwd><kwd>окислительное фосфорилирование</kwd><kwd>хемиосмотическая теория сопряжения дыхания и фосфорилирования</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>bioenergetics</kwd><kwd>energy metabolism</kwd><kwd>respiratory chain concept</kwd><kwd>oxidative phosphorylation</kwd><kwd>chemiosmotic theory of the coupling of respiration and phosphorylation</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Матвеенков Н.А. К вопросу о роли термодина- мики и биоэнергетики в истории физико-хи- мической биологии // Вестн. МГОУ. Сер. Ест. науки. 2011. № 2. С. 57-65.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Матвеенков Н.А. К вопросу о роли термодина- мики и биоэнергетики в истории физико-хи- мической биологии // Вестн. МГОУ. 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