geomgouГеографическая среда и живые системыGeographical Environment and Living Systems2712-76132712-7621Московский государственный областной университетgeomgou-618Research ArticleСтатьиБИОСИНТЕЗ ЛИПИДОВ У ДВУХ НЕФТЕДЕГРАДИРУЮЩИХ ГРИБОВ - CEPHALOSPORIUM HUMICOLA AND MUCOR CLOBOSUSBIOSYNTHESIS OF LIPIDS IN TWO OIL-DEGRADING FUNGI - CEPHALOSPORIUM HUMICOLA AND MUCOR CLOBOSUSГасемиМ. Б.ayemen@mail.ruАтакишиеваЯ. Ю.ayemen@mail.ruИнститут микробиологии НАН Азербайджана (г. Баку)Russian Federation201227052022012632Copyright © Гасеми М.Б., Атакишиева Я.Ю., 20222022Гасеми М.Б., Атакишиева Я.Ю.Гасеми М.Б., Атакишиева Я.Ю.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.geoecosreda.ru/jour/article/view/618

Изучено влияние источников углерода - глюкозы и гексадекана на жирно-кислотный (ЖК) состав и активность основных ферментов, реально или потен- циально участвующих в биохимии олеофильности двух углеводороддеградирующих грибов - Cephalosporium humicola и Mucor globosus. Источники углерода оказали зна- чительное влияние на ЖК-состав исследованных грибов. Липиды, экстрагированные из клеток, культивированных на гексадекане, содержали не только насыщенные ЖК, обнаруженные в глюкозных вариантах, но также имели линолевую и  - линоленовую кислоты. В обоих грибах на- блюдалось резкое уменьшение содержания стеариновой кислоты - от 16,0-29,0 % до 2,8-5,9 %, при замене глюкозы на гексадекан. Активность синтеза ЖК была обнаружена в клетках, растущих как на глюкозе, так и на гексадека- не. Изоцитратлиаза отсутствовала в клетках, растущих на глюкозе, но была обнаружена при росте на гексадекане. Активность ATФ: цитрат лиазы была полностью подавле- на на гексадекане. Карнитин ацетилтрансфераза была об- наружена в клетках, выращенных на глюкозе. Активность этого фермента возрастала десятикратно, в случае когда источником углерода был гексадекан. Высокая активность пируваткиназы на глюкозе уменьшалась на 80-90 % при росте на углеводородном субстрате. Анализ результатов по продукцию линолевой и  - линолевой кислот показы- вает, что углеводородный субстрат повышает биосинтез 18:2 и 18:3 кислот, и следовательно, ферментов ƒ12-де- сатуразы и ƒ 15 десатуразы, являющихся ответственны- ми за преобразование 18:1 к 18:2 и 18:2 к 18:3 кислот. Не- смотря на то, что специфическая активность отдельных ферментов исследуемых грибов имела некоторые разли- чия, динамика изменения активностей практически для всех ферментов была одинакова.

We study the effect of the carbon sources - glucose and hexadecane - on the fatty acid composition and activity of enzymes, actually or potentially involved in the biochemistry of oleaginicity of two oil degrading fungi, namely, Cephalosporium humicola and Mucor globosus. The carbon sources markedly affect the fatty acid composition of the fungi in question. The lipids extracted from hexadecane grown cells contain not only saturated fats found in fungi grown on glucose substrates but also linoleic and linolenic acids. In both fungi we observe a dramatic decrease in the stearic acid content from 16,0-29.0% to 2,8-5.9% by replacing glucose by hexadecane. The synthase activity of fatty acids is found in cells growing both on glucose and hexadecane substrates. Isocitrate lyase is absent in cells growing on glucose substrates and is found when grown on hexadecane substrates. The activity of adenosine triphosphate is as follows: citrate lyase is completely inhibited by hexadecane. Carnitine acetyltransferase is detected in cells grown on glucose substrates. The activity of this enzyme increases tenfold in the case when hexadecane is the source of carbon. The high activity of pyruvate kinase on glucose decreases by 80%-90% when grown on a hydrocarbon substrate. Analysis of the results and products of linoleic and linolenic acids shows that the hydrocarbon substrate increases the biosynthesis of 18:2 and 18:3 acids, and, hence, ƒ12/ƒ15-desaturase enzymes, which are responsible for the conversion of 18:1-to-18:2 and 18:2-to-18:3 acids. Although the specific activities of the enzymes vary between the fungi, the developmental profiles for all enzymes are virtually similar.

грибыисточники углеродаферментативная активностьжирные кислотыfungicarbon sourcesenzyme activityfatty acidsReferencesA rcher D.B., Connerton I.E., MacKenzie D.A. Filamentous fungi for production of food additives and processing aids // Adv Biochem Eng Biotechnol., 2008. V. 111. P. 99-147.A rcher D.B., Connerton I.E., MacKenzie D.A. Filamentous fungi for production of food additives and processing aids // Adv Biochem Eng Biotechnol., 2008. V. 111. P. 99-147.A rmitt S., McCullough W., Roberts C. Analysis of acetate non-utilizing mutants in Aspergillus nidulans // J Gen Microbiol. 1976. V. 92. P. 263-282.A rmitt S., McCullough W., Roberts C. Analysis of acetate non-utilizing mutants in Aspergillus nidulans // J Gen Microbiol. 1976. V. 92. P. 263-282.A takishiyeva Y.Y., I.M. Imanova. Lipogenesis of microscopic fungi widespread in oil-contaminated soils // Materials of the 1th congress of Azerbaijan society of zoologists. Baku, 2003. P. 507-512. 4. B otham P. A., Ratledge C. A biochemical explanation for lipid accumulation in Candida 107 and other oleaginous microorganisms // J Gen Microbiol., 1979. V. 114. P. 361-375.A takishiyeva Y.Y., I.M. Imanova. Lipogenesis of microscopic fungi widespread in oil-contaminated soils // Materials of the 1th congress of Azerbaijan society of zoologists. Baku, 2003. P. 507-512. 4. B otham P. A., Ratledge C. A biochemical explanation for lipid accumulation in Candida 107 and other oleaginous microorganisms // J Gen Microbiol., 1979. V. 114. P. 361-375.Desai A., Pranav V. Petroleum and Hydrocarbon Microbiology // Department of Microbiology,Desai A., Pranav V. Petroleum and Hydrocarbon Microbiology // Department of Microbiology,M.S.University of Baroda, Vadodara 390 002. ssue Date: 21-May-2008. URL:http://nsdl.niscair.res.in/ handle/123456789/645. (21.01.2012)M.S.University of Baroda, Vadodara 390 002. ssue Date: 21-May-2008. URL:http://nsdl.niscair.res.in/ handle/123456789/645. (21.01.2012)Evans C. T., Ratledge C. Possible regulatory roles of AT P: citrate lyase, malic enzyme and AMP deaminase in lipid accumulation by RhodosporidiumEvans C. T., Ratledge C. Possible regulatory roles of AT P: citrate lyase, malic enzyme and AMP deaminase in lipid accumulation by Rhodosporidiumtoruloides CBS 14 // Can J Microbiol. 1985. V. 31. P.toruloides CBS 14 // Can J Microbiol. 1985. V. 31. P.-1005.-1005.Jenke-Kodama H., Dittmann E. Evolution of metabolic diversity: insights from microbial polyketide synthases // Phytochemistry. 2009. V. 70. P. 1858- 1866.Jenke-Kodama H., Dittmann E. Evolution of metabolic diversity: insights from microbial polyketide synthases // Phytochemistry. 2009. V. 70. P. 1858- 1866.Kamisaka Y., Yokochi T., Nakahara T., Suzuki O. Characterization of the diacylglycerol acyltransferase activity in the membrane fraction from a fungus// Lipids. 1993. V. 28. P. 583-587.Kamisaka Y., Yokochi T., Nakahara T., Suzuki O. Characterization of the diacylglycerol acyltransferase activity in the membrane fraction from a fungus// Lipids. 1993. V. 28. P. 583-587.Kavadia A., Komaitis M., Chevalot I., Blanchard F., Marc I. and Aggelis G. Lipid and gamma-linolenic acid accumulation in strains of Zygomycetes growing on glucose // Journal of the American Oil Chemist's Society. 2001.V.78. P.341-346.Kavadia A., Komaitis M., Chevalot I., Blanchard F., Marc I. and Aggelis G. Lipid and gamma-linolenic acid accumulation in strains of Zygomycetes growing on glucose // Journal of the American Oil Chemist's Society. 2001.V.78. P.341-346.Kawamoto S., Ueda M., Nozaki, C., Yamamura M., Tanaka A., Fukui S. Localization of carnitine acetyltransferase in peroxisomes and in mitochondria of n-alkane grown Candida tropicalis // FEBS Lett. 1978. V. 96/ P. 37-40.Kawamoto S., Ueda M., Nozaki, C., Yamamura M., Tanaka A., Fukui S. Localization of carnitine acetyltransferase in peroxisomes and in mitochondria of n-alkane grown Candida tropicalis // FEBS Lett. 1978. V. 96/ P. 37-40.Matthews J.M., Holtum J.A., Liljegren D.R., Furness B., Powles S. B. Cross-resistance to herbicides in annual ryegrass (Lolium rigidum). 1. Properties of the herbicide target enzymes acetyl-CoA carboxylase and acetolactate synthase // Plant Physiol . 1990. V. 94, P. 1180-1186.Matthews J.M., Holtum J.A., Liljegren D.R., Furness B., Powles S. B. Cross-resistance to herbicides in annual ryegrass (Lolium rigidum). 1. Properties of the herbicide target enzymes acetyl-CoA carboxylase and acetolactate synthase // Plant Physiol . 1990. V. 94, P. 1180-1186.Miyoshi M. Die durchbohrung von membranen durch Pilzbaden. Jahrb. // Wiss. Bot. 1895. V. 28. P. 269-289.Miyoshi M. Die durchbohrung von membranen durch Pilzbaden. Jahrb. // Wiss. Bot. 1895. V. 28. P. 269-289.Papanikolaou S., Chevalot I., Komaitis M., Aggelis G., Marc I. Kinetic profile of the cellular lipid composition in an oleaginous Yarrowia lipolytica capable of producing a cocoa-butter substitute from industrial fats // Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek. 2001. V. 80. P. 215-224.Papanikolaou S., Chevalot I., Komaitis M., Aggelis G., Marc I. Kinetic profile of the cellular lipid composition in an oleaginous Yarrowia lipolytica capable of producing a cocoa-butter substitute from industrial fats // Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek. 2001. V. 80. P. 215-224.Ratledge C. Fatty acid biosynthesis in microorganisms being used for Single Cell Oil production // Biochimie. 2004. V. 86. P. 807-15.Ratledge C. Fatty acid biosynthesis in microorganisms being used for Single Cell Oil production // Biochimie. 2004. V. 86. P. 807-15.Taylor J.W., Turner E., Townsend J.P., Dettman J.R., Jacobson D. Eukaryotic microbes, species recognition and the geographic limits of species: examples from the kingdom Fungi // Philos Trans R Soc Lond B. Biol Sci. 2006. V. 361. P. 1947-1963.Taylor J.W., Turner E., Townsend J.P., Dettman J.R., Jacobson D. Eukaryotic microbes, species recognition and the geographic limits of species: examples from the kingdom Fungi // Philos Trans R Soc Lond B. Biol Sci. 2006. V. 361. P. 1947-1963.Worthington Enzyme Manual. Enzymes and Related Biochemicals. Pyruvate kinase. 1979. Editor: Von Worthington. Bedford, MA. Millipore Corporation: P. 179-180.Worthington Enzyme Manual. Enzymes and Related Biochemicals. Pyruvate kinase. 1979. Editor: Von Worthington. Bedford, MA. Millipore Corporation: P. 179-180.Wynn J. P., Kendrick A., Ratledge C. Sesamol as an inhibitor of growth and lipid metabolism in Mucor circinelloides via its action on malic enzyme // Lipids. 1997. V. 32. P. 605-610.Wynn J. P., Kendrick A., Ratledge C. Sesamol as an inhibitor of growth and lipid metabolism in Mucor circinelloides via its action on malic enzyme // Lipids. 1997. V. 32. P. 605-610.

The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.