geomgouГеографическая среда и живые системыGeographical Environment and Living Systems2712-76132712-7621Московский государственный областной университет10.18384/2310-7189-2017-4-21-35geomgou-591Research ArticleСтатьиЛЕЧЕБНАЯ И ОЗДОРОВИТЕЛЬНАЯ ФИЗИЧЕСКАЯ КУЛЬТУРАВ ПРОФИЛАКТИКЕ И ЛЕЧЕНИИ СЕРДЕЧНО-СОСУДИСТЫХ ЗАБОЛЕВАНИЙTHERAPEUTIC AND IMPROVING PHYSICAL CULTURE IN THE PREVENTION AND TREATMENT OF CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASESГоловановСергей АлександровичGolovanovSergey A.Golovanov.77780@mail.ruКульковаИрина ВалерьевнаKulkovaIrina V.kulkova2007@yandex.ruГосударственный университет управленияРоссияState University of ManagementRussian FederationМосковский городской педагогический университетРоссияMoscow City Teacher Training UniversityRussian Federation201723052022042135Copyright © Голованов С.А., Кулькова И.В., 20222022Голованов С.А., Кулькова И.В.Golovanov S.A., Kulkova I.V.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.geoecosreda.ru/jour/article/view/591

В статье приведены современные данные о роли физической активности в профилактике и лечении сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний. Показано, что регулярная физическая активность оказывает существенный положительный эффект на здоровье и производительность труда. Эти эффекты легко предсказуемы, зависят от величины нагрузок и реализуемы для широкого круга лиц. Приведены сведения об изменениях уровней NO, RO’ и «гасителей» свободных радикалов в клетках, а также о молекулярных процессах в эндотелии и мышцах (таких, как высокий уровень метаболизма фосфатов и сниженная экспрессия NAD(P)H оксидазы), в зависимости от интенсивности физических упражнений, демонстрирующих снижение оксидативного стресса при умеренной физической активности. Представлены рекомендации по программированию упражнений для лиц, страдающих различными заболеваниями сердечно-сосудистой системы.

The paper presents the modern data on the role of physical activity in preventive maintenance and treatment of cardiovascular diseases. It is shown that regular physical activity renders an essential positive effect on health and labor productivity. These effects are easily predicted, depend on the loading, and are suitable for many people. We report the data on changes in NO and RO’ levels and in inhibitors of free radicals in cells, as well as on molecular processes in endothelia and muscles (such as a high level of metabolism of phosphates and lowered expression of NAD(P)H oxidazes), depending on the intensity of physical exercises showing a decrease in oxidative stress at moderate physical activity. Recommendations on programming exercises for people suffering from various cardiovascular diseases are presented.

сердечно-сосудистые заболеванияфизическая активностьантиоксидантыоксидативный стрессReferencesАнохина Н.Д., Архипов Р.Н., Расулов М. М. Коррекция мышечной деятельности у женщин в условиях аэробного фитнеса.. // Теория и практика физической культуры. 2010. № 9. C. 59-62.Анохина Н.Д., Архипов Р.Н., Расулов М. М. Коррекция мышечной деятельности у женщин в условиях аэробного фитнеса.. // Теория и практика физической культуры. 2010. № 9. C. 59-62.Голованов С.А. Комплексная коррекция здоровья мужчин в условиях аэробных физических нагрузок: автореф. дис. … канд. пед. наук. М., 2016. 26 с.Голованов С.А. Комплексная коррекция здоровья мужчин в условиях аэробных физических нагрузок: автореф. дис. … канд. пед. наук. М., 2016. 26 с.Голованов С.А., Архипов Р.Н., Анохина Н.Д., Расулов М.М. Роль физической активности в профилактике и коррекции сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний. Обзор литературы // Вестник Московского государственного областного университета (Электронный журнал). 2013. № 4. URL: http: //evestnik-mgou.ru /Articles/View/499.Голованов С.А., Архипов Р.Н., Анохина Н.Д., Расулов М.М. Роль физической активности в профилактике и коррекции сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний. Обзор литературы // Вестник Московского государственного областного университета (Электронный журнал). 2013. № 4. URL: http: //evestnik-mgou.ru /Articles/View/499.Голованов С.А., Кулькова И.В., Расулов М.М. Коррекция фитнесом здоровья мужчин при заболевании сахарным диабетом и артериальной гипертонией // East European Scientific Journal. 2017. Vol. 1, № 8 (24). P. 13-15.Голованов С.А., Кулькова И.В., Расулов М.М. Коррекция фитнесом здоровья мужчин при заболевании сахарным диабетом и артериальной гипертонией // East European Scientific Journal. 2017. Vol. 1, № 8 (24). P. 13-15.Голованов С.А. Расулов М.М., Снисаренко Т.А. Комплексная коррекция здоровья мужчин с ожирением и гипертонией в условиях аэробных физических нагрузок // Вестник Московского государственного областного университета. Серия: Естественные науки. 2014. № 1. С. 43-52.Голованов С.А. Расулов М.М., Снисаренко Т.А. Комплексная коррекция здоровья мужчин с ожирением и гипертонией в условиях аэробных физических нагрузок // Вестник Московского государственного областного университета. Серия: Естественные науки. 2014. № 1. С. 43-52.Adams V., Linke A., Krankel N. et al. Impact of regular physical activity on the NAD(P)H oxidase and angiotensin receptor system in patients with coronary artery disease // Circulation. 2015. Vol. 111. P. 555-562.Adams V., Linke A., Krankel N. et al. Impact of regular physical activity on the NAD(P)H oxidase and angiotensin receptor system in patients with coronary artery disease // Circulation. 2015. Vol. 111. P. 555-562.Ades P.A. Cardiac rehabilitation and secondary prevention of coronary heart disease // N-Engl. J. Med. 2001. Vol. 345. P. 892-902.Ades P.A. Cardiac rehabilitation and secondary prevention of coronary heart disease // N-Engl. J. Med. 2001. Vol. 345. P. 892-902.American College of Sports Medicine. ACSM’s Guidelines for exercise testing and prescription, 6th ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams and Wilkins, 2000. 225 p.American College of Sports Medicine. ACSM’s Guidelines for exercise testing and prescription, 6th ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams and Wilkins, 2000. 225 p.American College of Sports Medicine. Position stand: the recommended quantity and quality of exercise for developing and maintaining cardiorespiratory and muscular fitness, and flexibility in healthy adults // Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. 1998. no 30. P. 975-991.American College of Sports Medicine. Position stand: the recommended quantity and quality of exercise for developing and maintaining cardiorespiratory and muscular fitness, and flexibility in healthy adults // Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. 1998. no 30. P. 975-991.Bonzheim K.A., Franklin B.A. Women and heart disease: role of exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation // Am. J. Sports Med. 2001. no. 3. P. 135-144.Bonzheim K.A., Franklin B.A. Women and heart disease: role of exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation // Am. J. Sports Med. 2001. no. 3. P. 135-144.Borg G. Psychophysical bases of perceived exertion // Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. 1982. Vol. 14. P. 377-387.Borg G. Psychophysical bases of perceived exertion // Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. 1982. Vol. 14. P. 377-387.Gordon N.F., Gulanick M., Costa F. et al. Physical Activity, and Metabolism; and the Stroke Council // Circulation, 2004. Vol.109. P. 2031-2041.Gordon N.F., Gulanick M., Costa F. et al. Physical Activity, and Metabolism; and the Stroke Council // Circulation, 2004. Vol.109. P. 2031-2041.Greiner A., Esterhammer R., Messner H. et al. High-energy phosphate metabolism during incremental calf exercise in patients with unilaterally symptomatic peripheral arterial disease measured by phosphor 31 magnetic resonance spectroscopy // J. Vasc. Surg. 2006. Vol. 43. P. 978-986.Greiner A., Esterhammer R., Messner H. et al. High-energy phosphate metabolism during incremental calf exercise in patients with unilaterally symptomatic peripheral arterial disease measured by phosphor 31 magnetic resonance spectroscopy // J. Vasc. Surg. 2006. Vol. 43. P. 978-986.Fletcher G.F., Balady G., Amsterdam E.A., Chaitman B., Eckel R., Fleg J. Exercise standards for testing and training: a statement for healthcare professionals from the American Heart Association // Circulation. 2001. Vol. 104. P. 1694-1740.Fletcher G.F., Balady G., Amsterdam E.A., Chaitman B., Eckel R., Fleg J. Exercise standards for testing and training: a statement for healthcare professionals from the American Heart Association // Circulation. 2001. Vol. 104. P. 1694-1740.Franklin B.A., Bonzheim K., Gordon S., Timmis G.C. Safety of medically supervised cardiac rehabilitation exercise therapy: a 16-year follow-up // Chest. 1998. Vol. 114. P. 902-906.Franklin B.A., Bonzheim K., Gordon S., Timmis G.C. Safety of medically supervised cardiac rehabilitation exercise therapy: a 16-year follow-up // Chest. 1998. Vol. 114. P. 902-906.Franklin B.A., Swain D.P., Shephard R.J. New insights in the prescription of exercise for coronary patients // J. Cardiovasc. Nurs. 2003. Vol. 18. P. 116-123.Franklin B.A., Swain D.P., Shephard R.J. New insights in the prescription of exercise for coronary patients // J. Cardiovasc. Nurs. 2003. Vol. 18. P. 116-123.Hambrecht R., Niebauer J., Marburger C. et al. Various intensities of leisure time physical activity in patients with coronary artery disease: effects on cardiorespiratory fitness and progression of coronary atherosclerotic lesions // J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 1993. Vol. 22. P. 468-477.Hambrecht R., Niebauer J., Marburger C. et al. Various intensities of leisure time physical activity in patients with coronary artery disease: effects on cardiorespiratory fitness and progression of coronary atherosclerotic lesions // J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 1993. Vol. 22. P. 468-477.Kavanagh T., Mertens D.J., Hamm L.F. et al. Peak oxygen intake and cardiac mortality in women referred for cardiac rehabilitation // J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 2003. no 42. P. 2139-2143.Kavanagh T., Mertens D.J., Hamm L.F. et al. Peak oxygen intake and cardiac mortality in women referred for cardiac rehabilitation // J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 2003. no 42. P. 2139-2143.Kavanagh T., Mertens D.J., Hamm L.F. et al. Prediction of long-term prognosis in 12 169 men referred for cardiac rehabilitation // Circulation. 2002. Vol. 106. P. 666-671.Kavanagh T., Mertens D.J., Hamm L.F. et al. Prediction of long-term prognosis in 12 169 men referred for cardiac rehabilitation // Circulation. 2002. Vol. 106. P. 666-671.Lakka T.A., Venäläinen J.M., Rauramaa R., Salonen R., Tuomilehto J., Salonen J.T. Relation of leisure-time physical activity and cardiorespiratory fitness to the risk of acute myocardial infarction // N- Engl. J. Med. 1994. Vol. 330. P.1549-1554.Lakka T.A., Venäläinen J.M., Rauramaa R., Salonen R., Tuomilehto J., Salonen J.T. Relation of leisure-time physical activity and cardiorespiratory fitness to the risk of acute myocardial infarction // N- Engl. J. Med. 1994. Vol. 330. P.1549-1554.Leger L.A., Mercier D., Gadoury C., Lambert J. The multistage 20 metre shuttle run test for aerobic fitness // J. Sports Sci. 1988. no 6. P. 93-101.Leger L.A., Mercier D., Gadoury C., Lambert J. The multistage 20 metre shuttle run test for aerobic fitness // J. Sports Sci. 1988. no 6. P. 93-101.Lee I.M., Skerrett P.J. Physical activity and all-cause mortality: what is the dose-response relation? // Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. 2001. no 33. P. 459-471.Lee I.M., Skerrett P.J. Physical activity and all-cause mortality: what is the dose-response relation? // Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. 2001. no 33. P. 459-471.Leon A.S., Franklin B.A., Costa F. et al. Statement from the Council on Clinical cardiology (Subcommitee on Exercise, Cardiac Rehabilitation, and Prevention) and the Coucil on Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Metabolism (Subcommetee on Physical Activity), in Collaboration with the American Association of Cardiovasculaar and Pulmonary Rehabilitation // Circulation. 2005. Vol. 111. P. 369-376.Leon A.S., Franklin B.A., Costa F. et al. Statement from the Council on Clinical cardiology (Subcommitee on Exercise, Cardiac Rehabilitation, and Prevention) and the Coucil on Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Metabolism (Subcommetee on Physical Activity), in Collaboration with the American Association of Cardiovasculaar and Pulmonary Rehabilitation // Circulation. 2005. Vol. 111. P. 369-376.Mark D.B., Lauer M.S. Exercise capacity: the prognostic variable that doesn’t get enough respect // Circulation. 2003. Vol. 108. P.1534-1536.Mark D.B., Lauer M.S. Exercise capacity: the prognostic variable that doesn’t get enough respect // Circulation. 2003. Vol. 108. P.1534-1536.Miller W.C., Wallace J.P., Eggert K.E. Predicting max HR and the HR-VO2 relationship for exercise prescription in obesity // Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. 1993. no 25. P. 1077-1081.Miller W.C., Wallace J.P., Eggert K.E. Predicting max HR and the HR-VO2 relationship for exercise prescription in obesity // Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. 1993. no 25. P. 1077-1081.Myers J., Kaykha A., George S. et al. Fitness versus physical activity patterns in predicting mortality in men // Am. J. Med. 2004. Vol. 117. P. 912-918.Myers J., Kaykha A., George S. et al. Fitness versus physical activity patterns in predicting mortality in men // Am. J. Med. 2004. Vol. 117. P. 912-918.Myers J., Prakash M., Froelicher V., Do D., Partington S., Atwood J.E. Exercise capacity and mortality of men referred for exercise testing // N-Engl. J. Med. 2002. Vol. 346. P. 793-801.Myers J., Prakash M., Froelicher V., Do D., Partington S., Atwood J.E. Exercise capacity and mortality of men referred for exercise testing // N-Engl. J. Med. 2002. Vol. 346. P. 793-801.Nieman D.C. Exercise testing and prescription: a health-related approach, 4th ed. London: Mayfield Publishing Company. 1999. 192 p.Nieman D.C. Exercise testing and prescription: a health-related approach, 4th ed. London: Mayfield Publishing Company. 1999. 192 p.Noble B.J., Borg G.A., Jacobs I., Ceci R., Kaiser P. A category-ratio perceived exertion scale: relationship to blood and muscle lactates and heart rate // Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. 1983. Vol. 15. P. 523-528.Noble B.J., Borg G.A., Jacobs I., Ceci R., Kaiser P. A category-ratio perceived exertion scale: relationship to blood and muscle lactates and heart rate // Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. 1983. Vol. 15. P. 523-528.Piña I.L., Epstein C.S., Balady G.J. et al. Exercise and heart failure: a statement from the American Heart Association Committee on Exercise, Rehabilitation, and Prevention // Circulation. 2003. Vol.107. P. 1210-1225.Piña I.L., Epstein C.S., Balady G.J. et al. Exercise and heart failure: a statement from the American Heart Association Committee on Exercise, Rehabilitation, and Prevention // Circulation. 2003. Vol.107. P. 1210-1225.Physical activity and health: a report of the Surgeon General. Atlanta: US Department of Health and Human Services, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion; 1996. 235 p.Physical activity and health: a report of the Surgeon General. Atlanta: US Department of Health and Human Services, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion; 1996. 235 p.Pollock M.L., Franklin B.A., Balady G.J. et al. AHA Science Advisory. Resistance exercise in individuals with and without cardiovascular disease: benefits, rationale, safety, and prescription: an advisory from the Committee on Exercise, Rehabilitation, and Prevention, Council on Clinical Cardiology, American Heart Association; position paper endorsed by the American College of Sports Medicine // Circulation. 2000. Vol. 101. P. 828-833.Pollock M.L., Franklin B.A., Balady G.J. et al. AHA Science Advisory. Resistance exercise in individuals with and without cardiovascular disease: benefits, rationale, safety, and prescription: an advisory from the Committee on Exercise, Rehabilitation, and Prevention, Council on Clinical Cardiology, American Heart Association; position paper endorsed by the American College of Sports Medicine // Circulation. 2000. Vol. 101. P. 828-833.Shephard R.J. Absolute versus relative intensity of physical activity in a dose-response context // Med. Sci. Sports. Exerc. 2001. no 33. P. 400-418.Shephard R.J. Absolute versus relative intensity of physical activity in a dose-response context // Med. Sci. Sports. Exerc. 2001. no 33. P. 400-418.Shephard R.J., Balady G.J. Exercise as cardiovascular therapy // Circulation. 1999. Vol.99. P. 963-972.Shephard R.J., Balady G.J. Exercise as cardiovascular therapy // Circulation. 1999. Vol.99. P. 963-972.Smart N., Marwick T.H. Exercise training for patients with heart failure: a systematic review of factors that improve mortality and morbidity // Am. J. Med. 2004. Vol. 116. P. 693-706.Smart N., Marwick T.H. Exercise training for patients with heart failure: a systematic review of factors that improve mortality and morbidity // Am. J. Med. 2004. Vol. 116. P. 693-706.Stewart K.J., Hiatt W.R., Regensteiner J.G., Hirsch A.T. Exercise training for claudication // N- Engl.J. Med. 2002. Vol. 347. P. 1941-1951.Stewart K.J., Hiatt W.R., Regensteiner J.G., Hirsch A.T. Exercise training for claudication // N- Engl.J. Med. 2002. Vol. 347. P. 1941-1951.Stewart K.J., Turner K.L., Bacher A.C. et al. Are fitness, activity, and fatness associated with health-related quality of life and mood in older persons? // J. Cardiopulm. Rehabil. 2003. Vol. 23. P. 115-121.Stewart K.J., Turner K.L., Bacher A.C. et al. Are fitness, activity, and fatness associated with health-related quality of life and mood in older persons? // J. Cardiopulm. Rehabil. 2003. Vol. 23. P. 115-121.Swain D.P., Franklin B.A. VO2 reserve and the minimal intensity for improving cardiorespiratory fitness // Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. 2002. no 34. P.152-157.Swain D.P., Franklin B.A. VO2 reserve and the minimal intensity for improving cardiorespiratory fitness // Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. 2002. no 34. P.152-157.Tanasescu M., Leitzmann M.F., Rimm E.B., Willett W.C., Stampfer M.J., Hu F.B. Exercise type and intensity in relation to coronary heart disease in men // JAMA. 2002. Vol. 288. P. 1994-2000.Tanasescu M., Leitzmann M.F., Rimm E.B., Willett W.C., Stampfer M.J., Hu F.B. Exercise type and intensity in relation to coronary heart disease in men // JAMA. 2002. Vol. 288. P. 1994-2000.Thompson P.D., Buchner D., Piña I.L. et al. Exercise and physical activity in the prevention and treatment of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease: a statement from the Council on Clinical Cardiology (Subcommittee on Exercise, Rehabilitation, and Prevention) and the Council on Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Metabolism (Subcommittee on Physical Activity) // Circulation. 2013. Vol. 107. P. 3109-3116.Thompson P.D., Buchner D., Piña I.L. et al. Exercise and physical activity in the prevention and treatment of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease: a statement from the Council on Clinical Cardiology (Subcommittee on Exercise, Rehabilitation, and Prevention) and the Council on Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Metabolism (Subcommittee on Physical Activity) // Circulation. 2013. Vol. 107. P. 3109-3116.Vuori I.M. Health benefits of physical activity with special reference to interaction with diet // Public. Health Nutr. 2001. no. 4. P. 517-528.Vuori I.M. Health benefits of physical activity with special reference to interaction with diet // Public. Health Nutr. 2001. no. 4. P. 517-528.Wannamethee S.G., Shaper A.G., Walker M. Physical activity and mortality in older men with diagnosed coronary heart disease // Circulation. 2000. Vol. 102. P. 1358-1363.Wannamethee S.G., Shaper A.G., Walker M. Physical activity and mortality in older men with diagnosed coronary heart disease // Circulation. 2000. Vol. 102. P. 1358-1363.Warburton D.E., Gledhill N., Quinney A. Musculoskeletal fitness and health // Can. J. Appl. Physiol. 2001. no 26. P. 217-237.Warburton D.E., Gledhill N., Quinney A. Musculoskeletal fitness and health // Can. J. Appl. Physiol. 2001. no 26. P. 217-237.Warburton D.E., Gledhill N., Quinney A. The effects of changes in musculoskeletal fitness on health // Can. J. Appl. Physiol. 2001. no 26. P.161-216.Warburton D.E., Gledhill N., Quinney A. The effects of changes in musculoskeletal fitness on health // Can. J. Appl. Physiol. 2001. no 26. P.161-216.Warburton D.E.R., Mathur S. Skeletal muscle training in people with chronic heart failure or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease // Physiother. Can. 2004. Vol. 56. P. 143-157.Warburton D.E.R., Mathur S. Skeletal muscle training in people with chronic heart failure or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease // Physiother. Can. 2004. Vol. 56. P. 143-157.Warburton D.E., Sheel A.W., Hodges A.N., Stewart I.B., Yoshida E.M., Levy R.D. Effects of upper extremity exercise training on peak aerobic and anaerobic fitness in patients after transplantation // Am. J. Cardiol. 2004. Vol. 93. P. 939-943.Warburton D.E., Sheel A.W., Hodges A.N., Stewart I.B., Yoshida E.M., Levy R.D. Effects of upper extremity exercise training on peak aerobic and anaerobic fitness in patients after transplantation // Am. J. Cardiol. 2004. Vol. 93. P. 939-943.Williams M.A., Fleg J.L., Ades P.A. et al. Cardiac Rehabilitation and Prevention // Circulation. 2002. Vol. 105. P. 1735-1743.Williams M.A., Fleg J.L., Ades P.A. et al. Cardiac Rehabilitation and Prevention // Circulation. 2002. Vol. 105. P. 1735-1743.Williams M.A., Fleg J.L., Ades P.A. et al. Secondary prevention of coronary heart disease in the elderly (with emphasis on patients 75 years of age): an American Heart Association scientific statement from the Council on Clinical Cardiology Subcommittee on Exercise, Cardiac Rehabilitation and Prevention // Circulation. 2002. Vol.105. P. 1735-1743.Williams M.A., Fleg J.L., Ades P.A. et al. Secondary prevention of coronary heart disease in the elderly (with emphasis on patients 75 years of age): an American Heart Association scientific statement from the Council on Clinical Cardiology Subcommittee on Exercise, Cardiac Rehabilitation and Prevention // Circulation. 2002. Vol.105. P. 1735-1743.

The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.