geomgouГеографическая среда и живые системыGeographical Environment and Living Systems2712-76132712-7621Московский государственный областной университет10.18384/2712-7621-2025-4-70-81geomgou-1651Research ArticleБИОРАЗНООБРАЗИЕ ЛАНДШАФТОВ И БИОИНДИКАЦИЯ ОКРУЖАЮЩЕЙ СРЕДЫИсследование биологических характеристик аммоний-окисляющих бактерий, выделенных из осадка сточных вод некоторых деревообрабатывающих предприятий ВьетнамаStudy on Biological Characteristics of Ammonia Oxidizing Bacteria Isolated from Wastewater Sludge at Some Wood Processing Facilities in VietnamДоХ. Т. Т.DoH. T. T.

Хонг Т. Т. До, магистр наук, заместитель начальника отдела

Департамент биотехнологии; отдел микробиологических исследований

Ханой

Hong T. T. Do, Master of Science, Deputy Head at the Department

Department of Biotechnology; Microbiology Research Department

Hanoi

hongdt1009@gmail.comНгуенТ. К. Т.NguyenT. K. T.

Тхань К. Т. Нгуен, магистр наук, ассистент

Департамент биотехнологии; кафедра микробиологических исследований

Ханой

Thanh K. T. Nguyen, Master of Science, Assistant

Department of Biotechnology; Microbiology Research Department

Hanoi

kimthanhnt2301@gmail.comФунгТ. Д.PhungT. D.

Тан Д. Пхунг, инженер, ассистент

Департамент биотехнологии; кафедра микробиологических исследований

Ханой

Tan D. Phung, Engineer, Assistant

Department of Biotechnology; Microbiology Research Department

Hanoi

phungductan1999@gmail.comФанХ. Т.PhanX. T.

Хуан Т. Фан, магистр, вице-президент Центра

Центр передачи новых технологий

Хошимин

Xuan T. Phan, Master, Vice president at the Center

Center for New Technology Transfer

Ho Chi Minh city

namkim7878@gmail.comСовместный Российско-Вьетнамский тропический научно-исследовательский центрВьетнамJoint Vietnam-Russia Tropical Science and Technology Research CenterViet Nam202510052026047081Copyright © До Х.Т., Нгуен Т.К., Фунг Т.Д., Фан Х.Т., 20262026До Х.Т., Нгуен Т.К., Фунг Т.Д., Фан Х.Т.Do H.T., Nguyen T.K., Phung T.D., Phan X.T.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.geoecosreda.ru/jour/article/view/1651   Цель

   Цель. Данное исследование посвящено изучению биологических характеристик аммоний-окисляющих бактерий (АОБ), выделенных из осадка сточных вод, собранных на нескольких деревообрабатывающих предприятиях Вьетнама.

   Процедура и методы

   Процедура и методы. Для достижения целей исследования были отобраны объединённые пробы осадка из очистных сооружений и обработаны в течение 6 часов для сохранения целостности микрофлоры. Аммоний-окисляющие бактерии выделяли методом серийных разведений на селективной питательной среде AMS с последующим скринингом на способность удалять аммоний. Физиологические характеристики изолятов оценивали при различных значениях pH, температуры и концентрации аммония. Молекулярная идентификация проводилась с помощью ПЦР-амплификации и секвенирования гена 16S рРНК. Комбинированное использование микробиологических и молекулярных методов позволило получить комплексное представление о разнообразии и функциональных признаках аммоний-окисляющих бактерий в осадке.

   Результаты

   Результаты. Из 6 проб осадка, собранных на деревообрабатывающих предприятиях в провинциях Йенбай, Тханьхоа и Донгнай, было выделено в общей сложности одиннадцать штаммов бактерий, обладающих способностью окислять аммоний. Пробы из Донгная дали наибольшее количество изолятов, что свидетельствует о благоприятных условиях для аммоний-окисляющих бактерий в этом регионе. Среди выделенных штаммов три – Bacillus subtilis BT183.1.B1, Bacillus velezensis BT751.1.B2 и Bacillus amyloliquefaciens BT751.2.B1 – продемонстрировали наивысшую эффективность удаления аммония и были отобраны для детальной характеристики. Эти штаммы показали оптимальный рост при нейтральном pH (7,0–7,5), температуре от 35 °C до 37 °C и концентрации аммония до 700 мг/л. Рост и активность значительно снижались при более экстремальных значениях pH, температуры и концентрации аммония. Способность данных штаммов Bacillus переносить высокие уровни аммония и изменчивость условий окружающей среды подчёркивает их потенциал для применения в биологической очистке богатых азотом промышленных сточных вод, особенно в деревообрабатывающей отрасли.

   Теоретическая и/или практическая значимость. Вьетнам занимает пятое место в мире, второе в Азии и первое в юго-Восточной Азии по экспорту древесины и лесной продукции. Быстрый рост деревообрабатывающей отрасли принёс значительные экономические выгоды, но также создал серьёзные экологические проблемы, в частности загрязнение от сточных вод деревообработки, содержащих высокие уровни аммония – загрязнителя, трудно поддающегося биологической очистке. Полученные результаты способствуют расширению знаний о разнообразии аммоний-окисляющих бактерий и подчёркивают их потенциальное применение для очистки богатых аммонием сточных вод деревообрабатывающей промышленности.

   Aim

   Aim. This study investigates the biological characteristics of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) isolated from wastewater sludge collected at several wood processing facilities in Vietnam.

   Methodology

   Methodology. To achieve the objectives of the study, composite sludge samples were collected from wastewater treatment units and processed within 6 hours to preserve microbial integrity. Ammonium-oxidizing bacteria were isolated using serial dilution and selective AMS medium, followed by screening for ammonium removal capability. Physiological characteristics of the isolates were evaluated under varying pH, temperature, and ammonium concentrations. Molecular identification was performed by PCR amplification and sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene. The combined use of microbiological and molecular techniques provided a comprehensive understanding of the diversity and functional traits of ammonium-oxidizing bacteria in sludge.

   Results

   Results. From six sludge samples collected at wood processing facilities in Yen Bai, Thanh Hoa, and Dong Nai provinces, a total of eleven bacterial strains with ammonium-oxidizing capabilities were isolated. Dong Nai samples yielded the highest number of isolates, suggesting favorable conditions for ammonia-oxidizing bacteria in this region. Among the isolates, three strains – Bacillus subtilis BT183.1.B1, Bacillus velezensis BT751.1.B2, and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens BT751.2.B1 – exhibited superior ammonium removal efficiency and were selected for detailed characterization. These strains showed optimal growth at neutral pH (7.0–7.5), temperatures between 35 °C and 37 °C, and ammonium concentrations up to 700 mg/L. Growth and activity decreased significantly at more extreme pH values, temperatures, and ammonium concentrations. The ability of these Bacillus strains to tolerate high ammonium levels and environmental variability highlights their potential for application in biological treatment of nitrogen-rich industrial wastewater, particularly in the wood processing sector.

   Research implications

   Research implications. Vietnam ranks fifth globally, second in Asia, and first in Southeast Asia in wood and forest product exports. The rapid growth of the wood industry has brought substantial economic benefits but has also caused environmental challenges, particularly pollution from wood processing wastewater containing high levels of ammonium – a pollutant difficult to treat biologically. These findings contribute to expanding the diversity of ammonium-oxidizing bacteria and highlight their potential application in treating ammonium-rich wastewater from wood processing industries.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.